5 results
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm
Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
 • Kidney loss of Cl-
- Urinary Chloride ... • Normal/low ... Urine chloride is ... of sodium and potassium ... #Urinary #Chloride
Management of Pediatric Kidney Stones
Acute Managment:
 • Pain relief: NSAIDs, opioids
 • Facilitating passage of stone:
Management of Pediatric ... protein - Low ... Targeted Rx: • PRIMARY ... #Management #Pediatrics ... #nephrology #nephrolithiasis
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
A urine K/Cr ratio ... mEq/g suggests urinary ... ↑ Aldosterone: Primary ... - Metabolic Alkalosis ... #nephrology #low
Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis: Differential Diagnosis
ECF volume contracted: urine chloride concentration <20 meq/L
 • Gastric alkalosis:
volume contracted: urine ... volume expanded: urine ... > 20 meq/L • Primary ... other • Severe potassium ... Diagnosis #Causes #nephrology
Gitelman Syndrome Overview

What?
• Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter
• Gitelman's syndrome
Overview What ... • Normal or low ... Hypocalciuria (spot urine ... #diagnosis #nephrology ... #management #pathophysiology