9 results
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting, NGT
Diagnosis Algorithm ... Urine Cl-: Vomiting ... (late) • High Urine ... , Gitelman Syndrome ... #nephrology
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted - 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting,
Diagnosis Algorithm ... Urine Cl-: Vomiting ... (late) • High Urine ... , Gitelman Syndrome ... #Nephrology #Causes
Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Workup Algorithm

1) Check Urine Osmolality:
 > 600 mOsm/kg - Implies extrarenal mechanism
Diagnosis Workup ... Check Urine Osmolality ... • Euvolemic (Low ... #Algorithm #nephrology ... #sodium
Algorithm for patients with hypokalemia on the basis of the potassium-to-creatinine ratio in the urine
Urine K+
Algorithm for patients ... , Gitelman syndrome ... #potassium #differential ... #algorithm #diagnosis ... #nephrology
Gitelman Syndrome Overview

What?
• Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter
• Gitelman's syndrome
Gitelman Syndrome ... Overview What ... alkalosis • Normal or low ... Hypocalciuria (spot urine ... #nephrology #management
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
A urine K/Cr ratio ... , Gitelman syndrome ... #differential # ... potassium #nephrology ... #low
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm
Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
 • Kidney loss of Cl-
Urinary Chloride Algorithm ... alkalosis • Normal/low ... , Gitelman syndrome ... #Algorithm #nephrology ... #differential #
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted - 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting,
Diagnosis Algorithm ... Urine Cl-: Vomiting ... (late) • High Urine ... , Gitelman Syndrome ... #Nephrology #Causes
Physiologic Approach to Hypotonic Hyponatremia
The next time you have a case of hypotonic hyponatremia, give the
normal volume-based algorithm ... Urine Na+K / serum ... Cirrhosis, Nephrotic syndrome ... #Hyponatremia #differential ... #nephrology