12 results
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted - 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting,
hyperaldosteronism • Low Urine Cl ... NGT suction, Low Cl ... • High Urine Cl ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Nephrology ... #Causes
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm
Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
 • Kidney loss of Cl-
Chloride Algorithm Cl ... Kidney loss of Cl ... • Loss of Cl- ... Cystic fibrosis Cl ... the indicated causes
Acid Base Disorders - Blood Gas Interpretation

Steps for Blood Gas Interpretation: 
1. Acidemia or Alkalemia? 
2.
↑ ↑ Metabolic alkalosis ... (AG) = {Na - (Cl ... Acetazolamide Causes ... - Salicylates Causes ... Diagnosis #Summary #Nephrology
Major Segments of the Nephron and their Functions 
 - Glomerulus - Formation of glomerular filtrate
organic acids and bases ... filtered Na+/K+/Cl ... filtered Na+ and Cl ... Pathophysiology #Tubules #Table ... #Pharmacology
Common Vasopressors and Inotropes
Norepinephrine (NE)
 - Indication: Distributive shock (1st line for septic shock), Cardiogenic shock
Bradyarrhythmias, Some cases ... Can be used in all ... Inotropes #comparison #table ... #pharmacology # ... criticalcare
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted - 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting,
hyperaldosteronism • Low Urine Cl ... NGT suction, Low Cl ... • High Urine Cl ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Nephrology ... #Causes
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide)
 • Glaucoma
 • Epilepsy
 • Altitude
• Metabolic alkalosis ... Inhibitors of Na+K+2Cl ... Kidney stones caused ... #Pharmacology # ... Medications #Table
Diuretics - Pharmacology

Thiazides diuretics:
 • Inhibit Na+ Cl- cotransporter in distal tubule
 • Chlorothiazide, Chlorthalidone, Indapamide,
Diuretics - Pharmacology ... • Inhibit Na+ Cl ... #Diuretics #Pharmacology ... #nephrology #conversion ... loop #thiazide #classes
The crusade against “Ab”Normal Saline continues.  This is a non-physiologic fluid that can harm our
its Chloride (Cl ... are balanced by Cl ... high amount of Cl ... K+ in the ECF causes ... The high CL- content
Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis and Management - GrepMed Handbook

S/Sx: Most pts asymptomatic. Weakness, cramping, nausea, paresthesias, palpitations,
Antibiotics (Bactrim, PCN ... only if no clear cause ... Elimination (see Table ... Ca-gluconate or 1g CaCl ... Treatment #potassium #nephrology