11 results
MRI Brain Sequence Comparison: T1 vs T2 vs FLAIR
T1:
 - CSF is Dark
 - Grey Matter
MRI Brain Sequence ... Devpriyo Pal @drdevrad ... #Brain #Comparison ... #clinical #radiology ... #diagnosis #neurology
HIV-Associated Neurocognitive Disorder (HAND)

Definition:
HIV-Associated Neurocognitive disorders categories:
• Asymptomatic neurocognitive impairment
• Mild neurocognitive impairment
• HIV dementia

Pathophysiology:
HIV frequently
through the blood-brain ... • Depressive symptoms ... , but MRI will show ... Diagnosis: MRI ... (JC virus) Brain
CNS Infection in HIV / AIDS - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Principles of HIV-Associated CNS Opportunistic Infections:
 •
- Differential Diagnosis ... cells per μL • Diagnosis ... Imaging: - MRI ... Demyelinating disease caused ... #differential #diagnosis
CNS Ring-Enhancing Lesions - Immunocompromised vs Immunocompetent
Multiple Ring-Enhancing Lesions:
 • Toxoplasmosis (CD4 < 100)
 • Other
Chorioretinitis • Diagnosis ... Compatible syndrome + MRI ... toxo IgG • CNS PCR ... RingEnhancing #Lesions #Brain ... #causes #radiology
Differentiating NBTE from Infective Endocarditis
No pathognomonic signs/symptoms or echo features that are specific to NBTE, and
pathognomonic signs/symptoms ... heart valves • MRI ... brain for cerebral ... often seen • MRI ... #Endocarditis #comparison
BEE Syndromes - Non-inflammatory Causes

Immune-mediated conditions affecting the Brain, Eye, and Ear

Visual or auditory symptoms in
Non-inflammatory Causes ... affecting the Brain ... conjunction with symptoms ... pachymeningitis • HIV ... neuropathy (LHON) plus MRI
Cauda Equina Syndrome Overview

Cauda Equina Syndrome:
 • Prevalence: 1:33,000-100,000 ppl/yr
 • Incidence: 1.5-3.4 million ppl/yr
 •
spine L1-L5 Symptoms ... - Emergency Causes ... cord infarct • HIV ... Imaging studies: • MRI ... #causes #neurology
Transverse Myelitis Overview

Focal inflammatory disorder of the spinal cord resulting in rapid onset of weakness, sensory
Bilateral signs and/or symptoms ... • Infectious causes ... ruled out • Brain ... brain and/or optic ... simplex virus, HIV
Lung Infections in HIV - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Disease by CD4 Count:
Any CD4 Count:
 • Mycobacterium tuberculosis,
- Differential Diagnosis ... Constitutional symptoms ... Pneumonia: • PVL ... factor • May cause ... #differential #diagnosis
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) Summary
ALS: combination of the clinical examination finding of amyotrophy with the pathologic
- Causes progressive ... fasciculations Common Symptoms ... Escorial criteria uses ... MRI: Brain, cervical ... motor neurons - IV