799 results
Acid-Base Disorders - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Acidemia (pH < 7.35)
 • Metabolic Acidosis (HCO3 < 24mmol/L) CO2
HCO3 < 24mmol/L) CO2 ... Respiratory Acidosis (pCO2 ... HCO3 > 28mmol/L) CO2 ... Respiratory Alkalosis (pCO2 ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Causes
Approach to the A-a Gradient
A-a gradient = PAO2 - PaO2
A-a gradient = [FiO2 x (Patm -
A-a gradient = PAO2 ... - PaO2 A-a gradient ... (Patm - 47) - (PaCO2 ... Embolism, Obstructive Lung ... , Interstitial Lung
Capnography
Measurement of exhaled carbon dioxide can be used to confirm ETT placement, for safer procedural sedation,
- Alveolar CO2 ... • PvCO2 - Mixed ... venous CO2 • ... PaCO2 - Arterial ... intubation, single lung
ABG vs VBG: Arterial vs Venous Blood Gases

ABG
PROS: Tells you exactly what the arterial environment looks
vs Venous Blood Gases ... looks like (pH, PaCO2 ... Comparison #pH #pCO2
Hypoxia and Hypoxemia - Overview
Hypoxia - insufficient oxygen delivered to tissues to meet demands
Hypoxemia - low
type of hypoxia) PIO2 ... O2 is inspired) PAO2 ... hypoxia) - Low PaO2 ... Low SvO2 → Low PaO2 ... differential #diagnosis #causes
Hypoxemic Respiratory Failure - Differential Diagnosis Framework
DECREASED INSPIRED OXYGEN
 • Low PATM Can decrease first part
HYPOVENTILATION • Rising PaCO2 ... gas equation • Causes ... : Interstitial lung ... ventilation (V) in the lungs ... bypassing the lungs
Basics of Waveform Capnography
Waveform capnography assesses ventilation by monitoring exhaled carbon dioxide
Can use measurement and morphology
Assessing for CO2 ... baseline - PECO2 ... Transition as CO2 ... - Arterial CO2 ... the heart to the lung
Acid Base Disorders - Blood Gas Interpretation

Steps for Blood Gas Interpretation: 
1. Acidemia or Alkalemia? 
2.
7.35-7.45 • PaCO2 ... 35-45 mmHg • PaO2 ... Metabolic: pH pCO2 ... Acetazolamide Causes ... or restrictive lung
Lung Segment Anatomy Annotated on Chest CT
Right Lung:
 • Upper Lobe: Apical, Posterior, Anterior
 • Middle
Lung Segment Anatomy ... Chest CT Right Lung ... Lung: • Upper ... radiopaedia.org/cases ... lang=us #Lung #
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome – ARDS: Clinical Cheat Sheet

An acute diffuse, inflammatory lung injury, leading to
, inflammatory lung ... permeability, lung ... with decreased lung ... on CT or CXR ● PaO2 ... the underlying cause