52 results
Approach to the A-a Gradient
A-a gradient = PAO2 - PaO2
A-a gradient = [FiO2 x (Patm -
A-a gradient = PAO2 ... - PaO2 A-a gradient ... Hypoventilation: CNS of Respiratory ... Embolism, Obstructive Lung ... , Interstitial Lung
COVID-19 Diagnosis and Management Summary
Clinical and laboratory testing
Lung Ultrasound
HRCT scan
In-hospital treatment
Severity assessment and respiratory support 
Post-mortem
laboratory testing Lung ... scan In-hospital treatment ... assessment and respiratory ... Post-mortem studies Long-term ... Management #Summary #treatment
Basics of Waveform Capnography
Waveform capnography assesses ventilation by monitoring exhaled carbon dioxide
Can use measurement and morphology
different phases of respiratory ... Assessing for CO2 ... PHASE I - Inspiratory ... Transition as CO2 ... the heart to the lung
Berlin Criteria for Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) 
- Respiratory symptoms must have begun within one
Criteria for Acute Respiratory ... Syndrome (ARDS) - Respiratory ... lobar collapse, lung ... - 200 mm Hg < PaO2 ... #ARDS #Acute #Respiratory
Acid Base Disorders - Blood Gas Interpretation

Steps for Blood Gas Interpretation: 
1. Acidemia or Alkalemia? 
2.
Respiratory or Metabolic ... 7.35-7.45 • PaCO2 ... 35-45 mmHg • PaO2 ... Metabolic: pH pCO2 ... or restrictive lung
Pharmacologic treatment algorithms by Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease grade. Highlighted boxes and arrows
Pharmacologic treatment ... Chronic Obstructive Lung ... indicate preferred treatment ... LAMA: long-acting ... ; FEV1: forced expiratory
Weaning from the Ventilator - Algorithm
Setting up for extubation success
 • Decrease demand — correct metabolic
acidosis, decrease CO2 ... steroids & NMB • Respiratory ... stop or reduce long ... Diuresis — Dry lungs ... are happy lungs
Hypoxemic Respiratory Failure - Differential Diagnosis Framework
DECREASED INSPIRED OXYGEN
 • Low PATM Can decrease first part
Hypoxemic Respiratory ... HYPOVENTILATION • Rising PaCO2 ... : Interstitial lung ... ventilation (V) in the lungs ... bypassing the lungs
Pharmacologic Treatments of Chronic Hypertension in Pregnancy
Central alpha-agonists
 - Methyldopa
 - Clonidine
Combined alpha- and beta-blocker
 -
Pharmacologic Treatments ... - Nifedipine (long-acting ... Pregnancy #Management #Treatment ... Pharmacology #HTN #Table
Voluntary action
Emotion, temperature
Coughing, sneezing, etc.
Physical work
Respiratory center
in brainstem
Coinnervation
Medulla
Rhythm generator
IXth/Xth
nerve
Respiratory drive:
Peripheral
Central
Mechanosensors in locomotor system
Xth
nerve
Respiration
Central chemosensors
个
In CSF:
PC02, pH
Carotid
Physical work Respiratory ... IXth/Xth nerve Respiratory ... Mechanosensors in lung ... and respiratory ... muscles In blood: #PCO2