13 results
Causes of Hypercalcemia
Hypercalcemia due to increased bone Ca2+ resorption:
 • Primary hyperparathyroidism, Malignancy, Pseudohyperparathyroidism, Renal failure,
Causes of Hypercalcemia ... Hypercalcemia ... #Causes #differential ... diagnosis #calcium #high ... #endocrinology
Hypercalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Elevated PTH (High or normal):
 • Primary Hyperparathyroidism
 • Familial Hypocalciuric Hypercalcemia
Low
Hypercalcemia - ... Elevated PTH (High ... Hypocalciuric Hypercalcemia ... Thiazides/Lithium #Hypercalcemia ... #endocrinology
Hypermagnesemia - Etiologies by Mechanism
Renal Failure 
Excessive Mg Administration 
 - Massive PO intake
intake - Magnesium ... Hypermagnesemia #Differential ... #Diagnosis #High ... #Magnesium #Table ... #Causes #Management
Hypomagnesemia - Etiologies by Mechanism

Decreased GI Uptake 
 - Poor dietary intake (particularly common in alcoholics)
abnormalities - Hypercalcemia ... Hypomagnesemia #Differential ... Diagnosis #Low #Magnesium ... #Table #Classification ... #Causes #Workup
Hypercalcemia Evaluation
1) Clinical clues
 - Is the patient symptomatic?
 - Family history?
 - Have you done
Hypercalcemia Evaluation ... PTH - Frankly high ... BrighamChiefs #Hypercalcemia ... #workup #differential ... #diagnosis #endocrinology
Types of Renal Calculi

Calcium oxalate
 - Interstitial apatite plaque, Low urine volume, Increased urinary calcium excretion,
hypercalciuria, Hypercalcemia ... hypercalciuria, Hypercalcemia ... Mycoplasma infections, High ... Renal #stones #differential ... #diagnosis #causes
Hyperuricemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Primary - Over-production
     • Increased turnover of nucleotides
Primary
Hyperuricemia - Differential ... Drug-induced • High ... Sarcoidosis • Hypercalcemia ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #endocrinology ... #causes
Potassium-Binding Agents to Treat Hyperkalemia
Sodium zirconium cyclosilicate (Lokelma):
 • Mechanism: Preferentially captures K in exchange for
Agents to Treat Hyperkalemia ... K; also binds magnesium ... patients sensitive to high ... Potassium #Binding #Hyperkalemia ... #pharmacology #table
Rhabdomyolysis - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Management Summary

Causes of Rhabdomyolysis:
 • Trauma:
	- Immobilization
	- Crush injury
	- Compartment
Rhabdomyolysis - Differential ... Framework and Management ... Summary Causes ... Hyperphosphatemia • Hypocalcemia ... /Late - Hypercalcemia
Causes of Secondary Hypertension - Workup and Differential Diagnosis
Approach (when evaluation should be done):
1. Severe or
Hypertension - Workup and Differential ... with previously stable ... Vasculitis • Endocrinologic ... Hyperthyroidism, Hypercalcemia ... #Differential #