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diagnosis causes algorithm sodium management classification neurology rhabdomyolysis treatment acidosis calcium elevation epilepticus gitelman hypernatremia hypocalcemia hypomagnesemia hypomg hypotonic lactate
Causes of Seizures - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Unprovoked - Epilepsy: • Focal: Simple, Complex • Generalized: Absence,
Causes of Seizures ... - Differential ... vasoconstriction syndrome ... Hyperglycemia, Hyponatremia ... Hypomagnesemia, Hypocalcemia
Hypocalcemia Workup - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm • Low Magnesium, High Magnesium - Functional Hypoparathyroidism • High
Hypocalcemia Workup ... - Differential ... metastases, Hungry bone syndrome ... #Workup #Differential ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #nephrology
Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Workup Algorithm 1) Check Urine Osmolality: > 600 mOsm/kg - Implies extrarenal mechanism
Differential Diagnosis ... Workup Algorithm ... • Euvolemic (Low ... #Differential # ... #Algorithm #nephrology
Hypomagnesemia - Etiologies by Mechanism Decreased GI Uptake - Poor dietary intake (particularly common in alcoholics)
Hypercalcemia - Hypokalemia ... Hypomagnesemia #Differential ... #Diagnosis #Low ... #Magnesium #Table ... Classification #Causes #Workup
Physiologic Approach to Hypotonic Hyponatremia The next time you have a case of hypotonic hyponatremia, give the
Present (Uosm ≥100): Hypovolemia ... Cirrhosis, Nephrotic syndrome ... #differential # ... diagnosis #table ... #sodium #nephrology
Rhabdomyolysis - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Management Summary Causes of Rhabdomyolysis: • Trauma: - Immobilization - Crush injury - Compartment
Rhabdomyolysis - Differential ... exertion/training - Seizures ... Hyperuricemia • Hyponatremia ... per day until stable ... causes #treatment #nephrology
Hyponatremia - Diagnosis and Treatment Hyponatremia is usually caused by the inability to excrete water normally.
3 questions to work ... demyelination syndrome ... of symptomatic (seizures ... #Differential # ... Treatment #management #nephrology
Hyponatremia - Differential Algorithm Isotonic Hyponatremia: Hyperlipidemia, Hyperproteinemia, Recent TURP Hypotonic Hyponatremia: • Hypovolemia: Diuretics/Nephropathies, Vomiting, Diarrhea,
Hyponatremia - Differential ... : • Hypovolemia ... Cirrhosis, Nephrotic Syndrome ... diagnosis #causes #nephrology ... #sodium #low
Gitelman Syndrome Overview What? • Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter • Gitelman's syndrome
Inherited (AR) hypokalemic ... alkalosis • Normal or low ... ratio 0.5%) Differential ... tachycardia • Seizures ... #diagnosis #nephrology
Causes of Status Epilepticus in Adults METABOLIC DISTURBANCES Hepatic encephalopathy Hypocalcemia Hypoglycemia or hyperglycemia Hyponatremia Uremia INFECTIOUS PROCESSES Central nervous system abscess Encephalitis Meningitis WITHDRAWAL SYNDROMES Alcohol Antiepileptic drugs Baclofen Barbiturates Benzodiazepines CENTRAL
encephalopathy Hypocalcemia ... hyperglycemia Hyponatremia ... Meningitis WITHDRAWAL SYNDROMES ... #Epilepticus #Seizures ... #Differential #
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