10 results
Multiple Sclerosis - Summary

Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune-mediated neurodegenerative disease of the central nervous system
• Unilateral optic ... syndromes such as ... Signs and symptoms ... objective evidence of neurologic ... diagnosis #management #neurology
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) Summary
ALS: combination of the clinical examination finding of amyotrophy with the pathologic
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis ... finding of lateral sclerosis ... Pathophysiology ... fasciculations Common Symptoms ... #neurology #diagnosis
Chronic Hypertensive Retinopathy: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

Ophthalmic Artery Hypertension
Stage 1: Mild/vasoconstrictive
 • Acute and chronic vasospasm
Stage 2: Moderate/sclerotic ... damaged BRB appears as ... #Retinopathy #pathophysiology ... ophthalmology #diagnosis #signs ... #symptoms #complications
Varicocele: Pathogenesis and clinical findings
Primary:
 - Anatomically: the left spermatic vein drains into the left renal
the abdominal aorta ... • 90% present as ... #Varicocele #Pathophysiology ... #Signs #Symptoms ... #Urology #Diagnosis
Vasculitis and Vasculitides - Differential Diagnosis Framework

When to Consider Vasculitis:
 • Purpura, ischemic skin lesions
 •
aneurysms can also ... Presentation - Systemic Symptoms ... , particularly scleritis ... purpura: strong sign ... differential #diagnosis #rheumatology
Giant cell arteritis (GCA)

Giant cell arteritis (GCA) definition: Most common systemic inflammatory vasculitis in older adults
with systemic, neurologic ... those coming off aorta ... systemic sx + signs ... them, but urgent rheumatology ... GCA #Temporal #Signs
Vasculitis - Differential Diagnosis Framework

When to Consider Vasculitis:
• Purpura, ischemic skin lesions
• Mononeuritis multiplex
• Hematuria, proteinuria,
, particularly scleritis ... purpura: Strong sign ... < 30 years • Aorta ... aneurysms can also ... Differential #Diagnosis #Rheumatology
Transverse Myelitis Overview

Focal inflammatory disorder of the spinal cord resulting in rapid onset of weakness, sensory
monophasic Pathophysiology ... • Bilateral signs ... and/or symptoms ... : - Multiple sclerosis ... diagnosis #management #neurology
Relapsing Polychondritis

What is it?
Recurrent inflammation of the cartilage in the body (Autoimmune disorder)

Who?
• Most frequently: 40
ethnicities Symptoms ... + Nonspecific symptoms ... keratitis, uveitis, scleritis ... Antibodies to type ... Polychondritis #rheumatology
Mycoses

HISTOPLASMOSIS
• Inhalation of conidia → Yeast → travel to lymph nodes → spread in body
• Bird
Rheumatologic ... • Sclerosing mediastinitis ... by culture or serology ... Aspergillosis Pathophysiology ... Diagnosis: • Serology