2025 results
Hypoxia and Hypoxemia - Overview
Hypoxia - insufficient oxygen delivered to tissues to meet demands
Hypoxemia - low
O2 is inspired) PAO2 ... reaches the alveoli) PaO2 ... blood (measured on ABG ... Low SvO2 → Low PaO2 ... sepsis) - High PaO2
ABG vs VBG: Arterial vs Venous Blood Gases

ABG
PROS: Tells you exactly what the arterial environment looks
ABG vs VBG: Arterial ... Blood Gases ABG ... looks like (pH, PaCO2 ... serial exams #ABG ... Comparison #pH #pCO2
What's in a Blood Gas? VBG vs ABG

BOTTOM LINE: VBG is less painful, more easily obtained
VBG vs ABG BOTTOM ... LINE: VBG is less ... obtained than ABG ... EBM #Diagnosis #ABG ... Comparison #PH #PCO2
Arterial Blood Gas (ABG) Analysis - Metabolic + Respiratory Acidosis + Alkalosis

pH ↓ pCO2 ↓ -
Arterial Blood Gas (ABG ... Alkalosis pH ↓ pCO2 ... acidosis pH ↑ pCO2 ... alkalosis pH ↑ pCO2 ... Arterial #BloodGas #ABG
Acid Base Disorders - Blood Gas Interpretation

Steps for Blood Gas Interpretation: 
1. Acidemia or Alkalemia? 
2.
ABG And BMP Normal ... 7.35-7.45 • PaCO2 ... 35-45 mmHg • PaO2 ... Metabolic: pH pCO2 ... Summary #Nephrology #ABG
Approach to Acid Base Disorders - Evaluation and Differential Diagnosis
1) Start with the Anion Gap (AG).
2)
the Anion Gap (AG ... the change in AG ... Do you need an ABG ... approximates an ABG ... and ~5 mmHg to pCO2
Oxygen Saturation - Measurement Techniques and Limitations
 • Sp02 - Cutaneous pulse oximeter
 • SaO2 Calculated
pulse oximeter • SaO2 ... Point-of-care handheld ABG ... device • SaO2
Blood Gas (ABG) Interpretation and Acid-Base Pathology
1- Does the patient have an acidosis or an alkalosis?
Blood Gas (ABG) ... Look at the pCO2 ... Metabolic Equal (If pCO2 ... the change in pCO2 ... AmyChung #AcidBase #ABG
Blood Gas Analysis and Interpretation
STEPS TO ANALYSIS
1. Look at PH. Alkalotic or acidotic?
- pCO2 (respiratory ... #BloodGas #ABG # ... VBG #Analysis #Interpretation
Severe Asthma Exacerbation
Signs of a Severe Asthma Exacerbation:
 • Vitals: ↑HR ↑RR ↓SpO2
 • High work
poor air flow • ABG ... : - High pCO2 ... Abnormally normal ABG