82 results
Hypoxia and Hypoxemia - Overview
Hypoxia - insufficient oxygen delivered to tissues to meet demands
Hypoxemia - low
O2 is inspired) PAO2 ... blood (measured on ABG ... hypoxia) - Low PaO2 ... Low SvO2 → Low PaO2 ... blood loss) or abnormal
Approach to the A-a Gradient
A-a gradient = PAO2 - PaO2
A-a gradient = [FiO2 x (Patm -
A-a gradient = PAO2 ... - PaO2 A-a gradient ... /0.8)] - PaO2 Normal ... A-a gradient to normal ... Disease and more • Diffusion
Acid Base Disorders - Blood Gas Interpretation

Steps for Blood Gas Interpretation: 
1. Acidemia or Alkalemia? 
2.
ABG And BMP Normal ... 7.35-7.45 • PaCO2 ... 35-45 mmHg • PaO2 ... - Rapid saline infusion ... Summary #Nephrology #ABG
Hepatopulmonary Syndrome - Diagnosis and Management Summary
A defect in arterial oxygenation due to a gas exchange
• Orthopnea - PaO2 ... liver disease - Portal ... Oxygenation defect - PaO2 ... supplemental oxygen if PaO2 ... of underlying portal
Blood Gas (ABG) Interpretation and Acid-Base Pathology
1- Does the patient have an acidosis or an alkalosis?
Blood Gas (ABG) ... Look at the pCO2 ... the change in pCO2 ... Amy Chung, MD, MSc ... AmyChung #AcidBase #ABG
#ICUCard
RENAL
GFR
90-131
mL/min
((140-age)*Wt)/(72*Cr)
Glomerular Filtration Rate (Cockcroft)
CI Cr
90-131
mL/min
(CrU * volume)/CrS
Creatinine Clearance
FENa
0.0-1.0
%
((U/P Na)/(U/P Cr))*100
Fractional Excretion of Na+
Na req
mEq
(125-Na)*0.6*Wt
Required Sodium
FE Urea
Gap ACID-BASE AG ... 100% mask A-a ... cmH20 A from normal ... FIO2 < 50% pH normal ... NS = normal saline
Normal Anion-Gap Acidosis (NAGMA) - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Workup

NAGMA
- Chem, ABG or VBG
- Calculate Anion
Normal Anion-Gap ... NAGMA - Chem, ABG ... or VBG - Calculate ... Intoxication - Normal ... saline infusion
Severe Asthma Exacerbation
Signs of a Severe Asthma Exacerbation:
 • Vitals: ↑HR ↑RR ↓SpO2
 • High work
poor air flow • ABG ... : - High pCO2 ... - Abnormally normal ... ABG with increased
Ascites, pericardial effusion, and left pleural effusion on subcostal 4-chamber POCUS echocardiogram

Subcostal window in SLE patient.
and left pleural effusion ... subcostal 4-chamber POCUS ... What abnormal fluid ... #s4c #POCUS #echocardiogram ... #POCUS #clinical
Tibiotalar Ankle Effusion Evaluation on Point of Care Ultrasound (POCUS)

POCUS for ankle effusions: position the ankle
Tibiotalar Ankle Effusion ... Care Ultrasound (POCUS ... ) POCUS for ankle ... #Normal #Ankle ... #POCUS #MSK #Clinical