77 results
Hypoxia and Hypoxemia - Overview
Hypoxia - insufficient oxygen delivered to tissues to meet demands
Hypoxemia - low
blood (most common type ... O2 is inspired) PAO2 ... the most common type ... Low SvO2 → Low PaO2 ... differential #diagnosis #causes
Type A Aortid Dissection - Suprasternal View

Type A Aortic Dissection (TAD), present on this suprasternal view
Type A Aortid Dissection ... insuff, pericardial effusion ... supports PE or other causes ... #TypeA #Aortic # ... #Notch #Aorta #POCUS
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Acid-Base Disorders - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Acidemia (pH < 7.35)
 • Metabolic Acidosis (HCO3 < 24mmol/L) CO2
Acid-Base Disorders ... Respiratory Acidosis (pCO2 ... Respiratory Alkalosis (pCO2 ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Causes
Hypoxemic Respiratory Failure - Differential Diagnosis Framework
DECREASED INSPIRED OXYGEN
 • Low PATM Can decrease first part
average settings • Causes ... HYPOVENTILATION • Rising PaCO2 ... gas equation • Causes ... • Most common cause ... to hypoxemia • Causes
Acid Base Disorders - Blood Gas Interpretation

Steps for Blood Gas Interpretation: 
1. Acidemia or Alkalemia? 
2.
Acid Base Disorders ... 7.35-7.45 • PaCO2 ... 35-45 mmHg • PaO2 ... - Rapid saline infusion ... ABG #bloodgas #Acid
Hepatopulmonary Syndrome - Diagnosis and Management Summary
A defect in arterial oxygenation due to a gas exchange
lung disease Caused ... defect (Type 1) ... anatomic shunt (Type ... • Orthopnea - PaO2 ... Oxygenation defect - PaO2
Lactic Acidosis - Overview and Pathophysiology
Lactic acid is an endogenous substrate for gluconeogenesis, that is constantly
Pathophysiology Lactic acid ... Lactic acid is non-toxic ... base of lactic acid ... why LR does not cause ... PLUS a pH < 7.35 TYPE
Causes of Lactate Elevation, Lactic Acidosis - Differential Diagnosis

The most common causes of hyperlactatemia are usually:
/ hypoxemia -> focus ... on improving perfusion ... Reduced tissue perfusion ... - Hypoxemia (PaO2 ... #typea #typeb #
#ICUCard
RENAL
GFR
90-131
mL/min
((140-age)*Wt)/(72*Cr)
Glomerular Filtration Rate (Cockcroft)
CI Cr
90-131
mL/min
(CrU * volume)/CrS
Creatinine Clearance
FENa
0.0-1.0
%
((U/P Na)/(U/P Cr))*100
Fractional Excretion of Na+
Na req
mEq
(125-Na)*0.6*Wt
Required Sodium
FE Urea
Osmolar Gap ACID-BASE ... H_def 0 mEq Acid ... pCO2 = 1.5 (HCO3 ... )/HCO3 Acid base ... < 50 mmHg Pa02
Bile acids are the end products of cholesterol catabolism. Cholic acid and chenodeoxycholic acid are the
Bile acids are the ... Cholic acid and ... chenodeoxycholic acid ... intestine by passive diffusion ... resistance and type