78 results
Approach to the A-a Gradient
A-a gradient = PAO2 - PaO2
A-a gradient = [FiO2 x (Patm -
A-a gradient = PAO2 ... Weakness, Loss of Chest ... Elasticity (flail chest ... Embolism, Obstructive Lung ... , Interstitial Lung
Acid-Base Disorders - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Acidemia (pH < 7.35)
 • Metabolic Acidosis (HCO3 < 24mmol/L) CO2
Acid-Base Disorders ... Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Respiratory Acidosis (pCO2 ... Respiratory Alkalosis (pCO2 ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm
Berlin Criteria for Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) 
- Respiratory symptoms must have begun within one
be present on a chest ... lobar collapse, lung ... inspired oxygen (PaO2 ... - 200 mm Hg < PaO2 ... - 100 mm Hg < PaO2
Pulmonary Function Testing (PFT) Interpretation Algorithm

Restrictive Lung Disease:
 • Chest wall or neuromuscular disorders
 • Interstitial
Interpretation Algorithm ... Restrictive Lung ... Disease: • Chest ... • Interstitial lung ... Interpretation #Algorithm
Acid Base Disorders - Blood Gas Interpretation

Steps for Blood Gas Interpretation: 
1. Acidemia or Alkalemia? 
2.
Acid Base Disorders ... 7.35-7.45 • PaCO2 ... 35-45 mmHg • PaO2 ... or restrictive lung ... bloodgas #Acid #Base
Acid Base and Blood Gas Analysis
1. pH - What’s the primary disturbance?
2. pCO2 - What’s the
Acid Base and Blood ... 2. pCO2 - What’s ... the pCO2? ... acidbase #workup #algorithm
Approach to Acid Base Disorders - Evaluation and Differential Diagnosis
1) Start with the Anion Gap (AG).
2)
Approach to Acid Base ... than expected based ... Generally, for acid/base ... and ~5 mmHg to pCO2 ... depression, Obstructive Lung
Pulmonary Function Tests (PFTs) - Interpretation Algorithm
 • Normal
 • Pulmonary Hypertension, Anemia, Carboxyhemoglobinemia
 • Chest
Interpretation Algorithm ... Carboxyhemoglobinemia • Chest ... • Interstitial Lung ... Interpretation #Algorithm
Chronic Cough - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Red Flags:
 • Fever, night sweats, chills (infection)
 • Weight loss,
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Dyspnea (underlying lung ... lymadenopathy, clubbing, chest ... History of cancer, lung ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm
General schema for respiratory support in patients with COVID-19
Low flow nasal cannula
 • Typically set at
useful to allow for lung-protective ... use conventional lung-protective ... patients with PaO2 ... hypoxia #failure #algorithm