44 results
Alzheimer’s Disease: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
Risk factor for Late Onset Alzheimer's (99% of cases):
 - Increasing
mutations - Down syndrome ... chromosome 21) Signs ... / Symptoms / Complications ... pathophysiology #geriatrics #diagnosis ... #signs #symptoms
Reflex Testing - Causes of Hyporeflexia and Hyperreflexia
Focal Hyporeflexia: 
 • Radiculopathy, Mononeuropathy, Polyneuropathy, Acute stroke,
of Hyporeflexia and ... Guillain-Barré syndrome ... , Eclampsia, Late ... #differential #diagnosis ... #table #neurology
Acute Spinal Cord Injuries: Pathogenesis and clinical findings
 • Anterior Cord Syndrome -> Anterior spinal artery
clumsiness in hands ... #diagnosis #pathophysiology ... #signs #symptoms ... #msk #orthopedics ... #neurology
Cauda Equina Syndrome
Causes:
 • Large lumbar degenerative disc herniation (central)
 • Severe lumbar spondylosis
 • Neoplasm
Cauda Equina Syndrome ... Causes: • Large ... #MSK #pathophysiology ... #diagnosis #symptoms ... #signs
Causes of Peripheral and Central Vertigo
PERIPHERAL VERTIGO
1. Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) - Short-lived (typically less
Causes of Peripheral ... (Wallenberg's syndrome ... Syndrome usually ... signs or symptoms ... #differential #diagnosis
Growth Hormone Excess - Pathogenesis and clinical findings
 • Acromegaly and gigantism share the same pathophysiology
• Other rare causes ... Carpal Tunnel Syndrome ... • Enlarged hands ... Overproduction #diagnosis ... #signs #symptoms
Sarcoidosis - Diagnosis and Management Summary
Epidemiology
1) High incidence in Scandinavian countries (11-24 cases per 100,000 individuals
Sarcoidosis - Diagnosis ... and Management ... are not caused ... anterior/posterior MSK ... #Management #Signs
Multiple Sclerosis - Summary

Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune-mediated neurodegenerative disease of the central nervous system
• Or brainstem syndromes ... Multiple Sclerosis Diagnosis ... Signs and symptoms ... objective evidence of neurologic ... #management #neurology
Rapid, increasing signs of extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS) is an important key feature of NMS. EPS, associated
Rapid, increasing signs ... extrapyramidal symptoms ... about 95% of NMS cases ... #Diagnosis #Serotonin ... NeurolepticMalignant #Comparison #Table
BEE Syndromes - Non-inflammatory Causes

Immune-mediated conditions affecting the Brain, Eye, and Ear

Visual or auditory symptoms in
Non-inflammatory Causes ... Visual or auditory symptoms ... conjunction with symptoms ... consistent with MS ... #neurology #noninflammatory