9 results
Lower Extremity Dermatomes and Myotomes
Reflexes: 
 • Knee - L2, L3, L4
 • Ankle - S1
Lower Extremity ... Reflexes: • Knee ... • Cauda Equina Syndrome ... - Low back pain ... Commonly caused
Leg Pain - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Bone/Joint Causes of Leg Pain:
 • Fracture
 • Arthritis
 • Gout/pseudogout
stenosis/nerve compression ... Herpes zoster - HIV ... differential #diagnosis #lower ... #extremity #msk ... #physicalexam
Cauda Equina Syndrome Overview

Cauda Equina Syndrome:
 • Prevalence: 1:33,000-100,000 ppl/yr
 • Incidence: 1.5-3.4 million ppl/yr
 •
due to severe compression ... Severe low back pain ... - Emergency Causes ... cord infarct • HIV ... differential #diagnosis #causes
Causes of Knee Effusions - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Knee Effusion Red Flags:
1. Fever/Chills/Joint pain/Night sweats/Weight loss
	- DDX:
		-
Causes of Knee Effusions ... Fever/Chills/Joint pain ... Ligamentous injuries - Meniscal ... differential #diagnosis #msk ... #physicalexam
Spinal Cord Disorders - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Spinal cord neurological lesion:
Clinical findings:
 • Symptoms and signs below
continence • Pain ... spasticity • Lower ... Spinal Cord Causes ... MCTD, Sjogren syndrome ... , lower extremity
Ober's Test for TFL/ITB Inflammation

With the patient in the lateral position, affected side up.  The
, then slowly lowers ... restricted or pain ... Iliotibial #Band #Syndrome ... #video #physicalexam ... #sports #msk #orthopedics
Vasculitis and Vasculitides - Differential Diagnosis Framework

When to Consider Vasculitis:
 • Purpura, ischemic skin lesions
 •
the upper and lower ... tract, and often causes ... extremities, upper extremity ... , testes -> pain ... Cryoglobulins • HIV
The Neurological Evaluation of a Comatose Patient

Definition:
 • Coma: a state of unresponsiveness; the absence of
• Locked-in syndrome ... • Vestibulo-ocular ... Possible responses to pain ... Casey Albin MD @ ... caseyalbin #PhysicalExam
Posterior Knee Dislocation Injury
Specifically, POSTERIOR KNEE DISLOCATIONS can have significant associated injury that needs unique approach
DISLOCATION: ~25% cases ... Check hip and ankle ... special ligament/meniscus ... -->>>> LINK TO ACL ... Posterior #Injury #msk