8 results
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Defining the cause of hypokalemia starts by measuring urinary K
loss • Renal ... Post-hypercapnia • Diuretics ... , glycyrrhizic acid ... algorithm #causes #nephrology ... #potassium
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
sparing diuretics ... • NSAIDs • ACE ... • Recent IV potassium ... Beta blockers • Antibiotics ... #high #nephrology
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide)
 • Glaucoma
 • Epilepsy
 • Altitude
Regulating Renal ... 2Cl- Symport (Loop ... , Ethacrynic acid ... #Diuresis #Nephrology ... #Pharmacology #
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
sparing diuretics ... • NSAIDs • ACE ... • Recent IV potassium ... Beta blockers • Antibiotics ... #high #nephrology
Diuretics - Pharmacology

Thiazides diuretics:
 • Inhibit Na+ Cl- cotransporter in distal tubule
 • Chlorothiazide, Chlorthalidone, Indapamide,
Diuretics - Pharmacology ... • Inhibit Na+ Cl ... • Inhibit Na+K+ ... Piretanide Potassium ... nephrology #conversion
Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis and Management - GrepMed Handbook

S/Sx: Most pts asymptomatic. Weakness, cramping, nausea, paresthesias, palpitations,
NSAIDs, β-blockers, Antibiotics ... , K-sparing diuretics ... Ca-gluconate or 1g CaCl ... Management #Treatment #potassium ... #nephrology #K
Causes of High-anion Gap and Non-anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis
Causes of High-anion Gap Acidosis:
 • Lactic acidosis
, Pyroglutamic acid ... Potassium-sparing ... diuretics (amiloride ... ACE-Is and ARBs ... diagnosis #causes #nephrology
Acid Base Disorders - Blood Gas Interpretation

Steps for Blood Gas Interpretation: 
1. Acidemia or Alkalemia? 
2.
Acid Base Disorders ... failure (uremia) K ... Volume depletion (diuresis ... MDaniyalHashmi1 #AcidBase ... Diagnosis #Summary #Nephrology