23 results
Oxygen-Hemoglobin Dissociation Curve

Left Shift (↓ O2 unloading to tissue), Left = Lower:
 • ↓ H+ (↑
Oxygen-Hemoglobin Dissociation ... Curve Left Shift ... Temperature Right Shift ... Oxygen #Hemoglobin #Dissociation ... #Curve #pathophysiology
Oxyhemoglobin Dissociation Curve 

Left Shift - decreased unloading of O2 at tissue level (i.e.  increased
Oxyhemoglobin Dissociation ... Curve Left Shift ... Oxyhemoglobin #Dissociation ... #Curve #Pathophysiology ... #Left #Right #Shift
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Increased Loss 
 - Increased GI Loss
 - Increased Urinary
Transcellular Shift ... Algorithm #causes #potassium ... #low #pathophysiology
Hyperkalemia Treatment Options
Stabilize cardiac membrane:
 • IV Calcium (peaks 5-10 minutes)
Decrease potassium concentration:
 • IV Fluids
Shift
minutes) Decrease potassium ... • IV Fluids Shift ... potassium intracellularly ... #Hyperkalemia #management ... #potassium #nephrology
Mechanisms of Drug-Induced Hyperkalemia 
 • Direct renin inhibitor (Aliskiren)
 • Renin release inhibition (NSAIDs, Beta-Blockers)
• Increased EC shift ... differential #diagnosis #pathophysiology ... #pharmacology #potassium
Pathophysiology Of Constriction
Exaggerated Ventricular Interdependence:
 • Limited Cardiac Filling due to Fixed Volume → Septum Shifts
Pathophysiology ... Volume → Septum Shifts ... Intrathoracic-lntracardiac Dissociation ... #pericarditis #pathophysiology ... #cardiology #dissociation
Hyperkalemia - Management Algorithm
 • IV calcium
 • IV insulin and glucose and/or salbutamolt
 • Consider
Hyperkalemia - Management ... Dialysis Serum potassium ... blocks, QRS axis shift ... #hyperkalemia #potassium ... high #diagnosis #management
Rhabdomyolysis - Differential Diagnosis and Management Summary

Trauma:
 • Immobilization, Crush iniury, Compartment syndrome, Electrical injury
Exertional:
 •
Diagnosis and Management ... Dermatomyositis) AKI - Pathophysiology ... Shift of extracellular ... Monitor potassium ... Differential #Diagnosis #Management
Monteggia Fracture 
Fracture of proximal ulnar shaft with radial head dislocation. Remember “MUGR” to recall where
proximal ulnar shaft ... with radial head dislocation ... the radial head dislocation ... • Nonoperative managernent ... XRay #Diagnosis #Management
Hypophosphatemia and Hypoxia - Pathophysiology

↓ Phosphate leads to ↓ red cell 2,3-DPG and a  reduction
and Hypoxia - Pathophysiology ... 2,3-DPG which shifts ... the oxygen dissociation ... -DPG causing a shift ... the hemoglobin dissociation