10 results
Diabetic Retinopathy: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

Mild Non-proliferative DR
 • Outpouchings of the weakened capillary walls or
Diabetic Retinopathy ... -> Cotton-wool spots ... #Retinopathy #Diabetes ... #ophthalmology ... complications #pathophysiology
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Increased Loss 
 - Increased GI Loss
 - Increased Urinary
Hypokalemia - Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... K-ATPase which imports ... #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... potassium #low #pathophysiology
Chronic Vision Loss by Anatomic Location - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Cornea:
 • Keratoconus
 • Stromal Scaring
 •
Anatomic Location - Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... - Cotton wool spots ... Macular Edema: • Diabetic ... #Causes #Ophthalmology
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Defining the cause of hypokalemia starts by measuring urinary K
Hypokalemia - Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... of hypokalemia starts ... Ureterosigmoidostomy, Diabetic ... #diagnosis #algorithm
Chronic Diarrhea - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Steatorrhea
 - Maldigestive
    • Pancreatic Insufficiency
 - Primary
Chronic Diarrhea - Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... Ischemia • Short ... exclusion) • Diabetic ... #Diagnosis #Algorithm
Diplopia - Double Vision - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Clinical Pearls:
 • Diplopia is almost always binocular.
 •
Double Vision - Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... #DoubleVision #Differential ... #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #Causes #Ophthalmology
Thiamine Deficiency - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Clinical Manifestations

Causes of Thiamine Deficiency:
 • Poor intake:
	- Diets
Thiamine Deficiency - Differential ... gravidarum - Diuretic ... : - Impaired short-term ... Manifestations #Differential ... beriberi #nutrition #pathophysiology
There are similarities and differences between these 3 conditions which all carry treatment implications. Each mimic
breakdown of glycogen stores ... drips unless also diabetic ... #diagnosis #differential ... #algorithm #management
Gitelman Syndrome Overview

What?
• Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter
• Gitelman's syndrome
with thiazide diuretic ... Hypocalciuria (spot ... ratio 0.5%) Differential ... Surreptitious diuretic ... nephrology #management #pathophysiology
Management of Pruritus in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease
Pruritus with no primary lesions - differential diagnosis:
primary lesions - differential ... Keep fingernails short ... , uncontrolled diabetes ... Pruritus #Treatment #Algorithm