440 results
Hypomagnesemia - Etiologies by Mechanism

Decreased GI Uptake 
 - Poor dietary intake (particularly common in alcoholics)
GI Uptake - Poor ... Medications - Loop ... and thiazide diuretics ... Hypokalemia - Osmotic diuresis ... Post-obstructive diuresis
Physiologic Approach to Hypotonic Hyponatremia
The next time you have a case of hypotonic hyponatremia, give the
predictive of poor ... Renal Sodium loss (diuretics ... deficiency, Post-AKI diuresis ... (AKI, Post-AKI diuresis ... Hypervolemia with poor
Causes of Hypomagnesemia
Redistribution:
 - IV glucose
 - Correction of diabetic ketoacidosis
 - IV hyperalimentation
 - Refeeding
- Malnutntion, poor ... Saline or osmotic diuresis ... disease Drugs: - Loop ... diuretics - Aminoglycosides
Causes of Hypomagnesemia
 • Redistribution: IV glucose, Correction of diabetic ketoacidosis, IV hyperalimentation, Refeeding after starvation,
Malnutrition, poor ... Saline or osmotic diuresis ... disease • Drugs: Loop ... diuretics, Aminoglycosides
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis
Poor Intake 
 - Starvation
 - Anorexia
GI Losses 
 - Vomiting / NG
Differential Diagnosis Poor ... Urinary Losses - Diuretics
Hypokalemia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Low intake 
• poor oral intake 

Renal loss 
• Medication 
• Hypomagnesemia 
•
Low intake • poor ... Hypomagnesemia • Osmotic diuresis
Diuretic Electrolyte Excretion Effects 
Diuresis, Na+, K+, Mg2+, Ca2+, Cl-, HCO3-, Uric Acid
 - Thiazide Type
Diuretic Electrolyte ... Excretion Effects Diuresis ... Thiazide Type - Loop ... Anhydrase Inhibitor #diuretics
Flowchart to diuretic use in acute heart failure.

(A) Congestion with volume overload. 

(B) Treatment algorithm after
Flowchart to diuretic ... Total loop diuretic ... maximal dose for IV loop ... following a single loop ... #Diuretic #Diuresis
Diuretics sites of action on the nephron
1) Acetazolamide (carbonic anhydrase inhibitor)
2) Osmotic diuretics (e.g. mannitol)
3) Loop
Diuretics sites ... inhibitor) 2) Osmotic diuretics ... . mannitol) 3) Loop ... diuretic (e.g. ... Thiazides-type diuretics
Nephron Pathophysiology - Diuretic Sites of Action
Diuretics
1) Acetazolamide/canagliflozin
2) Osmotic agents (mannitol, urearetics)
3) Loop agents (eg, furosemide)
4)
Pathophysiology - Diuretic ... Sites of Action Diuretics ... urearetics) 3) Loop ... Pathophysiology #Diuretics