3072 results
Hypomagnesemia - Etiologies by Mechanism

Decreased GI Uptake 
 - Poor dietary intake (particularly common in alcoholics)
GI Uptake - Poor ... Medications - Loop ... and thiazide diuretics ... Post-obstructive diuresis ... Classification #Causes
Causes of Hypomagnesemia
Redistribution:
 - IV glucose
 - Correction of diabetic ketoacidosis
 - IV hyperalimentation
 - Refeeding
Causes of Hypomagnesemia ... - Malnutntion, poor ... Saline or osmotic diuresis ... diuretics - Aminoglycosides ... Hypomagnesemia #Causes
Causes of Hypomagnesemia
 • Redistribution: IV glucose, Correction of diabetic ketoacidosis, IV hyperalimentation, Refeeding after starvation,
Causes of Hypomagnesemia ... Malnutrition, poor ... Saline or osmotic diuresis ... diuretics, Aminoglycosides ... Hypomagnesemia #Causes
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis
Poor Intake 
 - Starvation
 - Anorexia
GI Losses 
 - Vomiting / NG
Differential Diagnosis Poor ... Urinary Losses - Diuretics ... Classification #Causes
Hypokalemia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Low intake 
• poor oral intake 

Renal loss 
• Medication 
• Hypomagnesemia 
•
Low intake • poor ... Hypomagnesemia • Osmotic diuresis ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Causes
Diuretic Electrolyte Excretion Effects 
Diuresis, Na+, K+, Mg2+, Ca2+, Cl-, HCO3-, Uric Acid
 - Thiazide Type
Diuretic Electrolyte ... Excretion Effects Diuresis ... Thiazide Type - Loop ... Anhydrase Inhibitor #diuretics
Flowchart to diuretic use in acute heart failure.

(A) Congestion with volume overload. 

(B) Treatment algorithm after
Flowchart to diuretic ... Total loop diuretic ... maximal dose for IV loop ... following a single loop ... #Diuretic #Diuresis
Diuretics sites of action on the nephron
1) Acetazolamide (carbonic anhydrase inhibitor)
2) Osmotic diuretics (e.g. mannitol)
3) Loop
Diuretics sites ... inhibitor) 2) Osmotic diuretics ... . mannitol) 3) Loop ... diuretic (e.g. ... Thiazides-type diuretics
Causes of Constipation in Adults
Most common
 - Inadequate fiber or fluid intake
 - Poor bowel habits
Systemic
Causes of Constipation ... fluid intake - Poor ... - Opioids - Diuretics ... #Constipation #Causes
Thiamine Deficiency - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Clinical Manifestations

Causes of Thiamine Deficiency:
 • Poor intake:
	- Diets
Manifestations Causes ... Deficiency: • Poor ... bypass surgery • Poor ... gravidarum - Diuretic