15 results
One-and-a-Half Syndrome
1 - One eye cannot move AT ALL horizontally
1/2 - The other eye can only
One-and-a-Half Syndrome ... Unilateral BRAINSTEM Lesion ... Demyelination (Multiple Sclerosis ... #Syndrome #diagnosis ... #neurology
CNS Ring-Enhancing Lesions - Immunocompromised vs Immunocompetent
Multiple Ring-Enhancing Lesions:
 • Toxoplasmosis (CD4 < 100)
 • Other
- Compatible syndrome ... + MRI lesions + ... : • Multiple Sclerosis ... #Brain #differential ... #radiology #neurology
McDonald Criteria for Diagnosis of Multiple Sclerosis
 • 2 or more attacks, 2 or more lesions
McDonald Criteria for Diagnosis ... of Multiple Sclerosis ... in space in the brain ... #Multiple #Sclerosis ... #MS #neurology
One and a Half Syndrome on Physical Exam

This 28 year old patient presented to clinic with
One and a Half Syndrome ... results from a lesion ... , and multiple sclerosis ... MRI was ordered ... the hospital, diagnosed
Causes of Hemiplegia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Cerebral Hemisphere (Contralateral motor cortex)
 • Aphasia
 • Apraxia
 •
Algorithm Cerebral ... sensory loss Brain ... Unilateral Spinal Cord Lesions ... Brown-Sequard Syndrome ... #Hemiplegia #Neurology
Weakness - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Approach To Weakness:
 • Non-neuromuscular disorder (Cardiac, pulmonary etc)
 • CNS ->
- Differential Diagnosis ... nervous system: Brain ... • Infectious: Brain ... EMG) studies • MRI ... #neurology
Multiple Sclerosis - Summary

Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune-mediated neurodegenerative disease of the central nervous system
• Or brainstem syndromes ... demyelinating lesions ... resonance imaging [MRI ... ] T2 lesions) McDonald ... #neurology #treatment
BEE Syndromes - Non-inflammatory Causes

Immune-mediated conditions affecting the Brain, Eye, and Ear

Visual or auditory symptoms in
affecting the Brain ... important, as early diagnosis ... neuropathy (LHON) plus MRI ... lesions and clinical ... #neurology #noninflammatory
Approach to Headaches - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Red flags (PHANTOMS):
 • Pattern change, progressively worse, papilledema
 •
Algorithm Red ... papilledema • Horner syndrome ... Space-occupying brain ... lesion • CNS ... #Algorithm #neurology
Spinal Cord Disorders - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Spinal cord neurological lesion:
Clinical findings:
 • Symptoms and signs below
- Differential Diagnosis ... : - Multiple sclerosis ... MCTD, Sjogren syndrome ... #neurology #differential ... #algorithm