121 results
Primary vs Secondary Adrenal Insufficiency - Pathophysiology
Primary AI = adrenal glands themselves are the problem. This
Primary vs Secondary ... Pathophysiology Primary ... Low ACTH leads to ... #Secondary #Adrenal ... Pathophysiology #endocrinology
Adrenal Insufficiency Diagnosis Algorithm - Evaluation of HPA Axis Response to ACTH

Early am cortisol < 3
Adrenal Insufficiency ... diagnostic of primary ... OR secondary AI ... AI - Low = secondary ... Stimulation #Test #Endocrinology
Adrenal Insufficiency Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Clinical suspicion: Weakness, fatigue, nausea, musculoskeletal pain, dizziness, volume depletion, abdominal pain,
Baseline plasma ACTH Low ... baseline ACTH - Primary ... • Low or normal ... baseline ACTH - Secondary ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #endocrinology
Adrenal Insufficiency - Differential Diagnosis Workup Algorithm
Primary Adrenal Insufficiency:
 • Autoimmune primary adrenal insufficiency
 • Adrenoleukodystrophy,
Adrenal Insufficiency ... Workup Algorithm Primary ... • Autoimmune primary ... or tuberculosis Secondary ... Workup #Algorithm #endocrinology
Diagnosis Adrenal Insufficiency - Algorithm

Step 1) Screening Test: 6-8AM Cortisol Level
 - Early morning cortisol levels
specificity for AI (but low ... Differentiate primary ... vs secondary AI ... - Low ACTH is ... #Stimulation #Endocrinology
Primary Adrenal Insufficiency:
 • ACTH stimulation test - Synthetic ACTH does not stimulate cortisol secretion because
Primary Adrenal ... between 8 and 9 AM - Low ... aldosterone - Low ... autoimmune-mediated primary ... diagnosis #testing #endocrinology
Hyperaldosteronism - Etiologies of Mineralocorticoid Excess

Primary Hyperaldosteronism (Normal or Low Renin, High Aldosterone) 
 - Aldosterone-secreting
Mineralocorticoid Excess Primary ... Hyperaldosteronism (Normal or Low ... - Congenital adrenal ... hyperplasia Secondary ... Renin, Normal or Low
Causes of Secondary Hypertension - Differential Diagnosis and Screening Testing
Common causes: 
 • Renal parenchymal disease
Causes of Secondary ... angiography • Primary ... h of infusion Adrenal ... CT scan, adrenal ... Acromegaly #Secondary
The Diagnostic Approach to Hyperkalemia
Drugs
 - Amiloride
 - Spironolactone
 - Triamterene
 - Trimethoprim
 - Pentamidine
 -
cell disease - Renal ... High Renin - Primary ... adrenal insufficiency ... deficiency - Heparin/ LMW ... Ketoconazole Low
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Defining the cause of hypokalemia starts by measuring urinary K
suggests either secondary ... or primary hyperaldosteronism ... Gitelman's syndrome • Primary ... Hyperaldosteronism • Secondary ... syndrome, Congenital adrenal