9 results
Multiple Sclerosis - Summary

Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune-mediated neurodegenerative disease of the central nervous system
Examination: • UMN signs ... Clonus, Babinski’s sign ... • Lhermitte’s sign ... pupillary defect SIGNS ... Signs and symptoms
Acute Spinal Cord Injuries: Pathogenesis and clinical findings
 • Anterior Cord Syndrome -> Anterior spinal artery
Acute Spinal Cord ... bladder and rectal reflex ... #diagnosis #pathophysiology ... #signs #symptoms ... #msk #orthopedics
Cauda Equina Syndrome
Causes:
 • Large lumbar degenerative disc herniation (central)
 • Severe lumbar spondylosis
 • Neoplasm
lumbar spine Signs ... of normal leg reflexes ... #MSK #pathophysiology ... #diagnosis #symptoms ... #signs
NINDS Diagnostic Criteria for Guillain Barre Syndrome 
Features Required for Guillain-Barré Syndrome:
 • Progressive muscle weakness
, Mild sensory symptoms ... or signs, Cranial ... nervous system signs ... hexacarbon abuse • Acute ... functional paralysis BWH
Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings

Hormonal alterations (result of aging process)
    ->
hormones, urine reflux ... Hydronephrosis, Acute ... bladder stones #BPH ... Pathophysiology #Urology #Signs ... #Symptoms #Diagnosis
Optic Neuritis - Diagnosis and Management
 • Epidemiology: Female (75%), 18-50 years,
caucasian
 • Symptoms: Moderate visual
Optic Neuritis - Diagnosis ... caucasian • Symptoms ... orbital pain, (Sub)acute ... Unilateral • Signs ... - Typical MS-like
Sarcoidosis - Diagnosis and Management Summary
Epidemiology
1) High incidence in Scandinavian countries (11-24 cases per 100,000 individuals
Sarcoidosis - Diagnosis ... and progressive Acute ... anterior/posterior MSK ... : ACUTE, fever, ... #Management #Signs
Transverse Myelitis Overview

Focal inflammatory disorder of the spinal cord resulting in rapid onset of weakness, sensory
10-33% develop MS ... • Bilateral signs ... swollen, while in MS ... Predictive of MS ... Multiple sclerosis (MS
STEMI Equivalents on ECG
 • Conventional STEMI - Elevation of ST segment at (or 40-60 ms
segment at (or 40-60 ms ... point • De Winter syndrome ... V2 • Wellens sign ... pain • Wellens sign ... deviation) • Acute