51 results
Hypomagnesemia - Differential Diagnosis
Renal Causes of Hypomagnesemia - Familial:
Bartter syndrome and Gitelman syndrome, Isolated recessive hypomagnesemia,
Hypomagnesemia - Differential ... Diagnosis Renal ... Hypomagnesemia with secondary ... Hypomagnesemia #differential ... #nephrology #magnesium
Pathologic / Fragility Fractures - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm 
Tumours
 - See Bone Lesions Scheme
Paget's Disease
 -
Pathologic / Fragility Fractures ... - Differential ... Osteodystrophy - Secondary ... #Fragility #Fractures ... #Orthopedics #Causes
Approach to Hypomagnesemia 

Fractional excretion of magnesium = (urine magnesium x serum creatinine)/ [0.7 (serum magnesium
= (urine magnesium ... cells FEMg >4% = renal ... if renal function ... Hypomagnesemia #algorithm #differential ... #diagnosis #causes
Causes of Hypermagnesemia
Increased magnesium load
 - Magnesium-containing laxatives, antacids, or enemas
 - Treatment of pre-edampsia/eclampsia (mothers
Causes of Hypermagnesemia ... Increased magnesium ... Rhabdomyolysis Increased renal ... Hypermagnesemia #Causes ... #diagnosis #differential
Hypermagnesemia - Etiologies by Mechanism
Renal Failure 
Excessive Mg Administration 
 - Massive PO intake
by Mechanism Renal ... intake - Magnesium ... Hypermagnesemia #Differential ... Diagnosis #High #Magnesium ... #Table #Causes
Secondary Causes of Hypertension
Renal hypertension 
Endocrine hypertension 
Cardiovascular hypertension 
Neurogenic hypertension 
Hypertension in pregnancy 
Toxic agent-induced
Secondary Causes ... of Hypertension Renal ... hypertension #Secondary ... #Hypertension #Differential ... #Causes #Diagnosis
Causes of Secondary Hypertension - Differential Diagnosis and Screening Testing
Common causes: 
 • Renal parenchymal disease
Causes of Secondary ... Hypertension - Differential ... ultrasound, Tests ... Duplex Doppler ultrasound ... Acromegaly #Secondary
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Defining the cause of hypokalemia starts by measuring urinary K
- Differential ... suggests either secondary ... gastrointestinal K loss • Renal ... hypokalemia • Renal ... #hypokalemia #differential
Primary and Secondary Causes of Hypertension - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Primary (Essential) (95%) - Onset between age
Causes of Hypertension ... - Differential ... Causes (5%) - Onset ... and bilateral renal ... HTN #Cardiology #Differential
Back Pain - Differential Diagnosis
Primary Back Pathology:
 • Musculoligamentous injury (a.k.a. lumbosacral strain)
 • Spondylosis (i.e.
Back Pain - Differential ... secondary to metastatic ... breast, prostate, renal ... #Back #Pain #Differential ... #Diagnosis #causes