10 results
Spondylolysis & Spondylolisthesis: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings

Pars interarticularis stress fracture (spondylolysis) - most frequently in the
Stork test) • XR ... vertebrae • CT ... Spondylolisthesis #MSK #diagnosis ... #pathophysiology ... #signs #symptoms
Septic emboli
Septic emboli usually present as multiple ill-defined nodules.
In about 50% cavitation is seen.
CT demonstrates more
CT demonstrates ... can suggest the diagnosis ... feeding vessel sign ... #Clinical #Radiology ... #CXR #CTChest #
Pott's Disease in Tuberculosis - Diagnosis and Management Summary
Epidemiology:
 - Typically from TB endemic areas
 -
cases Clinical Signs ... years - May have signs ... decreased reflexes Pathophysiology ... tissue damage - CXR ... involvement - CT
Hampton hump is a radiologic sign which consists of a shallow wedge-shaped opacity in the periphery
sign which consists ... periphery of the lung ... may aid in the diagnosis ... confirmed with chest CT ... #photo #CXR #EmergencyMedicine
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA): Extra-articular manifestations
Skin: 
 • Inflammation of skin (esp. over areas of stress) forms
pleural effusion on CXR ... cause interstitial lung ... RheumatoidArthritis #RA #pathophysiology ... #signs #symptoms ... #diagnosis #ExtraArticular
Heart failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction (HFrEF)
Clinical Presentation
1. Typical symptoms: dyspnea, orthopnea paroxysmal noctumal dyspnea, fatigue,
Typical symptoms ... Less Typical Symptoms ... : weight gain, lung ... HFrEF may lack lung ... of CXR congestion
Periorbital Cellulitis: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
Definitions:
a. Dacryoadenitis: infection of the lacrimal glands
b. Conjunctivitis: inflammation of the
patient NEEDS a CT ... Periorbital #Cellulitis #pathophysiology ... #ophthalmology ... #diagnosis #signs ... #symptoms
Sarcoidosis - Diagnosis and Management Summary
Epidemiology
1) High incidence in Scandinavian countries (11-24 cases per 100,000 individuals
Sarcoidosis - Diagnosis ... survival is 93-95% Pathophysiology ... granulomas within the lungs ... e.g. incidental CXR ... #Management #Signs
Bronchiectasis - Summary

What?
• Bronchiectasis is derived from the Greek words bronckos meaning airway and ectasis meaning
inflammation Symptoms ... Nasal polyps and signs ... in the adjacent lung ... of the affected lung ... high-resolution chest CT
Aortoenteric Fistula - Diagnosis and Management Summary
Epidemiology:
• Uncommon but life-threatening
• Most common site of bowel connection
duodenum Clinical Signs ... /Symptoms: • Classic ... no matter how long ... Pathophysiology: ... • CT findings