10 results
RADIAL HEAD FRACTURE 
Radial head fractures are the most common elbow fracture in adults and are
anterior sail sign ... injuries: Ligamentous injury ... radioulnar joint injury ... fracture • ED Management ... XRay #Diagnosis #Management
Posterior Elbow Dislocation
The elbow is the second most commonly dislocated major joint in adults and the
anterior interosseous nerve ... can't make A-OK sign ... ), ligamentous injury ... brachial artery injury ... dislocation + radial
Supracondylar Elbow Fracture
• Most common elbow fracture in children, peak age 5-7 
• When looking at
anterior sail sign ... capitellum (age 1), radial ... anterior interosseous nerve ... can't make A-OK sign ... brachial artery injury
Monteggia Fracture 
Fracture of proximal ulnar shaft with radial head dislocation. Remember “MUGR” to recall where
ulnar shaft with radial ... and missing the radial ... Exam: swollen elbow ... posterior interosseous nerve ... syndrome, ligamentous injury
Photophobia and Headache - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Why?
• The coexistence of photophobia and headache suggests the potential
- Miosis Secondary ... Traumatic brain injury ... meningeal irritation signs ... the trigeminal nerve ... differential #diagnosis #ophthalmology
The Neurological Evaluation of a Comatose Patient

Definition:
 • Coma: a state of unresponsiveness; the absence of
• Mutism Pathophysiology ... : • Severe injury ... threat Cranial Nerves ... • Examine for signs ... flexed at the elbow
Secondary Glaucoma: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
Open-Angle Secondary Glaucoma:
 • Pre-trabecular defect -> Aqueous outflow is obstructed
ganglion cell injury ... damage to optic nerve ... factors, oxidative injury ... #Glaucoma #pathophysiology ... #ophthalmology
Compartment Syndrome Pearls
A vicious cycle of increased pressure within a facial compartment leading to compression of
Pathophysiology: ... rest are late signs ... to muscles and nerves ... Syndrome #diagnosis #management ... #pathophysiology
Transverse Myelitis Overview

Focal inflammatory disorder of the spinal cord resulting in rapid onset of weakness, sensory
monophasic Pathophysiology ... Presentation: Injury ... • Bilateral signs ... brain and/or optic nerve ... Myelitis #diagnosis #management
Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
 • Risk factors -> Incr IOP, Incr age, African-American
ganglion cell injury ... factors, oxidative injury ... central vision #Secondary ... OpenAngle #Glaucoma #pathophysiology ... #ophthalmology