12 results
Causes of Secondary Hypertension - Differential Diagnosis and Screening Testing
Common causes: 
 • Renal parenchymal disease
- Differential Diagnosis ... disease - Renal ... Oral sodium loading ... Hyperthyroidism • Aortic ... Causes #Screening #Workup
Aortic Dissection Pearls
Aortic dissection is caused by a tear in the tunica intima, the innermost layer
at onset • Tearing ... Marfans, EDS ... valve disease ... #Dissection #diagnosis ... #management #vascular
Pulmonary Renal Syndromes - OnePager Summary
Autoimmune ANCA vasculitis (AAV): GPA (granulomatous with polyangiitis), EGPA (eosinophilic granulomatosis
Syndromes - OnePager ... life-threatening diseases ... Inflammatory eye disease ... mononeuritis multiplex WORKUP ... #diagnosis #management
Primary and Secondary Causes of Hypertension - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Primary (Essential) (95%) - Onset between age
- Differential Diagnosis ... taken at home, work ... Mechanical • Aortic ... excess (Cushing syndrome ... #Differential #Diagnosis
Causes of Secondary Hypertension - Workup and Differential Diagnosis
Approach (when evaluation should be done):
1. Severe or
Hypertension - Workup ... and Differential Diagnosis ... Coarctation of aorta ... disease: CKD, acute ... #Hypertension #Workup
IgG4-Related Disease
Clinical history:  Man, 60 years, multiorgan involvement, unique or multiple inflammatory pseudotumor
4 phenotypes:
 •
IgG4-Related Disease ... Retroperitoneum and aorta ... pancreas, biliary, renal ... #diagnosis #management ... #phenotypes #workup
Syphilis - Clinical Manifestations and Treatment

1) Primary Syphilis
 • Direct lesion contact during sex is responsible
; Alopecia • Renal ... Albuminuria, nephrotic syndrome ... meningovascular disease ... Syphilis #stages #diagnosis ... #management #Treatment
Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome (PRES) Overview

Clinico-Radiological Syndrome, characterized by:
 • Headache
 • Seizures
 • Altered mental
Shock, Autoimmune disease ... Immunosuppressive agents, Renal ... factor PRES Diagnosis ... Seizures: Treat with AEDs ... #diagnosis #management
Vasculitis - Differential Diagnosis Framework

When to Consider Vasculitis:
• Purpura, ischemic skin lesions
• Mononeuritis multiplex
• Hematuria, proteinuria,
- Differential Diagnosis ... pulmonary and renal ... < 30 years • Aorta ... asymmetric arm BP readings ... Arteritis): • Aorta
Preoperative Risk Evaluation

Major Pre-Op Questions:
1. Does the patient have any modifiable risk factors that could be
have enough info regarding ... risk (>5%): - Aortic ... Severe Aortic stenosis ... medical and surgical management ... stratification #diagnosis