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diagnosis management nephrology algorithm hyponatremia table pathophysiology signs symptoms syndromes workup acidosis adh alkalosis anesthesia anesthesiology arteritis bee cardiology checklist
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
A urine K/Cr ratio ... • Diarrhea A urine ... consumption • Low ... diagnosis #Algorithm #differential ... #low
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Decreased intake (rare cause in isolation) GI loss - Urine loss
Causes of Hypokalemia ... - Differential ... isolation) GI loss - Urine ... #Hypokalemia ... #Nephrology #Differential
Gitelman Syndrome Overview What? • Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter • Gitelman's syndrome
tubule (DCT) Clinical ... alkalosis • Normal or low ... Hypocalciuria (spot urine ... ratio 0.5%) Differential ... Rhabdomyolysis Treatment
Physiologic Approach to Hypotonic Hyponatremia The next time you have a case of hypotonic hyponatremia, give the
volume-based algorithm Urine ... Present (Uosm ≥100): Hypovolemia ... Cirrhosis, Nephrotic syndrome ... #Hyponatremia #differential ... #nephrology
Causes of Secondary Hypertension - Differential Diagnosis and Screening Testing Common causes: • Renal parenchymal disease
Hypertension - Differential ... (correction of hypokalemia ... Oral sodium loading ... test (with 24-h urine ... • Cushing’s syndrome
Refeeding Syndrome Overview What Is It? • Electrolyte/fluid shifts caused by initiation of nutrition in severely malnourished patient.
changes and may cause ... severe clinical ... hyperparathyroidism Treatment ... , K, Mg2+) • Slow ... #Nutrition #Differential
Rhabdomyolysis - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Management Summary Causes of Rhabdomyolysis: • Trauma: - Immobilization - Crush injury - Compartment
Rhabdomyolysis - Differential ... Management Summary Causes ... Dermatomyositis Clinical ... Weakness - Dark urine ... #treatment #nephrology
Hyponatremia (<135 mEq/L) is a common electrolyte abnormality caused by an excess of total body water
helps to differentiate ... stimulated in states of low ... activated in states of low ... Measured urine sodium ... hyponatremia #ADH #RAAS #Hypovolemia
Hyponatremia - Diagnosis and Treatment Hyponatremia is usually caused by the inability to excrete water normally.
Then, ask 3 questions ... Measure urine osmolality ... the underlying cause ... demyelination syndrome ... #sodium
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis • Kidney loss of Cl-
alkalosis • Normal/low ... , Gitelman syndrome ... the indicated causes ... sodium is typically ... #differential #
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