127 results
Addictions: Pathogenesis

Mesolimbic Dopaminergic Pathway:
 • Dopaminergic neurons in Ventral Tegmental Area (VTA) in midbrain under continuous
Addictions: Pathogenesis ... drugs), the VTA releases ... which influence addictive ... behaviours -> Addiction ... Withdrawal) #Drug #Addiction
Chronic Shoulder Pain - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
4 tests for the AC joint:
1. Direct palpation
2. Cross-arm shoulder
Diagnosis Algorithm 4 tests ... Cross-arm shoulder abduction ... after cross-arm test
Drop Arm Test - Supraspinatus Tear

The drop arm test evaluates for a supraspinatus muscle tear.
Passively adduct
Drop Arm Test - ... The drop arm test ... The test is positive ... after the examiner releases ... #Drop #Arm #Test
Piriformis Test (FAIR Test - Flexion, Adduction, and Internal Rotation)

Flex the hip to 90 degrees, then
Piriformis Test ... (FAIR Test - Flexion ... , Adduction, and ... is a positive test ... Piriformis #FAIR #Test
Global Alliance algorithm to improve outcomes in acne.
†With small nodules (>0.5–1 cm).
‡Consider physical removal of comedones.
§Second
course in case of relapse ... pregnancy, see text ... ††See text. alt.
Rotator Cuff Syndrome - SITS
Supraspinatus, Infraspinatus, Teres minor, and Subscapularis.
Causes: Calcific supraspinatus tendinitis 
Signs: painful abduction
Signs: painful abduction ... arm, empty can test
Sensitivity Specificity False-Positive False-Negative Contingency Table / confusion matrix

Sensitivity refers to the test's ability to correctly
condition Specificity relates ... Specificity of a test ... disease, who will test
POCUS Stewardship
Right Indication - Right Interpretation -Right Integration
Indication → Pre-test Probability → Spectrum of Disease →
POCUS Stewardship ... Indication → Pre-test ... Step 2: Pre-test ... Develop a pre-test ... assign a final post-test
Hoffmann's Sign

Hoffman's sign means upper motor neuron injury.  The Hoffmann's reflex test itself involves loosely
Hoffmann's reflex test ... is flexion and adduction
IgG4-Related Disease
Clinical history:  Man, 60 years, multiorgan involvement, unique or multiple inflammatory pseudotumor
4 phenotypes:
 •
treatment and relapse ... specific laboratory tests ... 0.6 mg/kg/day) - Relapse