20 results
Warm vs Cold Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia
Warm Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia:
 • Mechanism: IgG and Complement-mediated
 • Etiology:
Anemia Warm Autoimmune ... Hemolytic Anemia ... Spherocytes • Treatment ... Anemia: • Mechanism ... • Treatment: Warm
Warm Antibody Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia 
1) DIAGNOSE AIHA
 • Anemia: macrocytic > normocytic, ↑ reticulocytes
 •
Antibody Autoimmune Hemolytic ... Anemia 1) DIAGNOSE ... AIHA • Anemia ... #Anemia #diagnosis ... #management #treatment
Algorithmic Approach to Anemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework by MCV

Microcytic (MCV < 80) "TAILS":
 • Thalassemia
Algorithmic Approach to Anemia ... Sideroblastic anemia ... -100): • Non-hemolytic ... , CKD • Hemolytic ... B12 deficiency, Orotic
Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia (AIHA) Treatment
Warm AIHA:
1) Steroids - 1-2 mg/kg prednisone daily
   • Until
Autoimmune Hemolytic ... Anemia (AIHA) Treatment ... > 10, no more hemolysis ... #Anemia #AIHA # ... Treatment #management
Clinically Important Vitamins and Vitamin Deficiency States
Fat-soluble Vitamins: 
 • Vitamin A - Xerophthalmia, night blindness,
• Vitamin E - Haemolytic ... anaemia, ataxia ... paraesthesiae • Folate - Anaemia ... Vitamin B12 - Anaemia ... signs #symptoms #nutrition
Risk Factors and Signs of Copper Deficiency
Risk Factors:
 • Gastrointestinal: Previous upper bowel resection/bariatric surgery, Inflammatory
dental fixatives, Treatment ... Menkes disease • Nutritional ... Total parenteral nutrition ... /jejunal nutrition ... Haematological: Anaemia
Causes of Iron Deficiency
 • Diet: ↓ Intake, e.g. vegan, Malnutrition, Polyphenol / tannins, ↓ Vitamin
hepcidin) • Others: Hemolysis ... differential #diagnosis #anemia ... #nutrition
Pancytopenia - Differential Diagnosis

Congenital Diseases:
• GATA2 deficiency
• Fanconi’s anemia
• Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome
• Ribosomopathy or telomeropathy

Cancer:
• Leukemia
• Lymphoma

Inflammatory
deficiency • Fanconi’s anemia ... Antibody-mediated hemolysis ... Nutritional
Causes of Iron Deficiency
 • Inadequate Intake: Vegetarian/vegan diet, Malnutrition
 • Increased Body Needs: Infants/preschoolers, Pregnancy,
Pregnancy, EPO treatment ... Loss (without anaemia ... diagnosis #causes #nutrition
Scurvy (Vitamin C Deficiency) - Diagnosis and Management

Vitamin C is required for hydroxylation of proline residues
persons with poor nutrition ... breath, wasting, anemia ... Loss of teeth Anemia ... contribute to nonimmune hemolysis ... vasculitis Treatment