22 results
Clinically Important Vitamins and Vitamin Deficiency States
Fat-soluble Vitamins: 
 • Vitamin A - Xerophthalmia, night blindness,
• Vitamin E - Haemolytic ... anaemia, ataxia ... Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome ... diagnosis #signs #symptoms ... #nutrition
Risk Factors and Signs of Copper Deficiency
Risk Factors:
 • Gastrointestinal: Previous upper bowel resection/bariatric surgery, Inflammatory
diarrhoea, Short bowel syndrome ... dental fixatives, Treatment ... Haematological: Anaemia ... #riskfactors #symptoms ... #nutrition
Wernicke Encephalopathy - Acute B1 (Thiamine) Deficiency - Diagnosis and Management
Diagnosis - Caine Criteria (2 of
upper limb) • Nutritional ... Anorexia nervosa Treatment ... Encephalopathy • A prompt treatment ... can improve symptoms ... development of Korsakoff syndrome
Elevated Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH) - Differential Diagnosis Framework

LDH is a cytoplasmic enzyme present in tissues throughout
anemia, PNH, immune ... - Pernicious anemia ... • Tumor lysis syndrome ... polyangiitis • Behçet's syndrome ... associated with any symptoms
Cold Agglutinin Disease

3 Types of Cold Sensitive Antibodies:
  1. Cold Agglutinins (CAD)
  2. Donath-Landsteiner
Cold Agglutinin Syndrome ... (Cold-induced symptoms ... of anemia include ... anemia • Cold ... #anemia #hematology
Pancytopenia - Differential Diagnosis

Congenital Diseases:
• GATA2 deficiency
• Fanconi’s anemia
• Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome
• Ribosomopathy or telomeropathy

Cancer:
• Leukemia
• Lymphoma

Inflammatory
deficiency • Fanconi’s anemia ... Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome ... Antibody-mediated hemolysis ... Nutritional
Refeeding Syndrome Overview

What Is It?
	• Electrolyte/fluid shifts caused by initiation of nutrition in severely malnourished patient.
initiation of nutrition ... overload) Other Symptoms ... • Seizures • Hemolysis ... hyperparathyroidism Treatment ... #Nutrition #Differential
Refeeding Syndrome: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

Patients at Risk of Refeeding Syndrome:
 - Little or no nutritional
Refeeding Syndrome ... - Little or no nutritional ... -DPG -> - hemolysis ... - anemia ... pathophysiology #symptoms
Aplastic Anemia - Overview

Who?
• M = F
• 3 peaks:	1) Childhood	2) 15-25 years	3) >60 years

What?
• Aplastic anemia
Constitutional Syndromes ... Constitutional Syndromes ... marrow-failure syndromes ... Treatment: ... • Improve the symptoms
Scurvy (Vitamin C Deficiency) - Diagnosis and Management

Vitamin C is required for hydroxylation of proline residues
breath, wasting, anemia ... Psychiatric symptoms ... Loss of teeth Anemia ... contribute to nonimmune hemolysis ... vasculitis Treatment