21 results
Approach to Hypomagnesemia 

Fractional excretion of magnesium = (urine magnesium x serum creatinine)/ [0.7 (serum magnesium
x serum creatinine ... )/ [0.7 (serum magnesium ... #differential #diagnosis ... #causes #nephrology ... #magnesium #low
Primary Adrenal Insufficiency
Addison's Disease - Damage of the adrenal glands with lack of cortisol, androgens and
aldosterone Causes ... • Weakness • Low-grade ... DHEAS Diagnosis ... #endocrinology ... #diagnosis #signs
Differentiation Between Nephrotic Syndrome and Nephritic Syndrome 
== Nephrotic Syndrome ==
Onset - Insidious 
Edema - ++++
Blood
pressure - Normal/low ... - Absent Serum ... albumin - Low ... Nephritic #Comparison #Table ... #Nephrology #Diagnosis
Hirsutism & Virilization - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
ADRENAL EXCESS
Ovarian
 • Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome
 • Hyperthecosis
 • Tumor
Adrenal
Syndrome Tumor Low ... Serum Hormone Binding ... Obesity • Liver Disease ... #Algorithm #endocrinology ... #causes
Hypermagnesemia - Diagnosis and Management

Hypermagnesemia is a serum magnesium concentration > 2.6 mg/dL.
Symptoms include hyporeflexia, hypotension,
Hypermagnesemia - Diagnosis ... Hypermagnesemia is a serum ... Symptoms include ... insufficiency (Addison's disease ... #nephrology
Rapid, increasing signs of extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS) is an important key feature of NMS. EPS, associated
about 95% of NMS cases ... should exhibit low ... serum iron levels ... #Diagnosis #Serotonin ... NeurolepticMalignant #Comparison #Table
Low Alkaline Phosphatase - Hypophosphatasia 

Is Low Alkaline Phosphatase Of Clinical Importance?

ALP enzyme- Discovered in 1923
Low
Most cases diagnosed ... Malnutrition • Wilson's disease ... mineralization Symptoms ... Phosphatase: • Other causes ... • Elevation of serum
Causes of Hypomagnesemia
 • Redistribution: IV glucose, Correction of diabetic ketoacidosis, IV hyperalimentation, Refeeding after starvation,
Causes of Hypomagnesemia ... Tubulointerstitial renal disease ... #differential #diagnosis ... #nephrology #magnesium ... #low
Adrenal Insufficiency - Diagnosis and Management Summary
Primary Adrenal Insufficiency:
Most Common Cause in the US: Autoimmune Adrenalitis
Other
or metastatic disease ... ketoconazole, etomidate) Symptoms ... Hyperpigmentation is absent (low ... , infiltrative diseases ... #Management #Endocrinology
Physiologic Approach to Hypotonic Hyponatremia
The next time you have a case of hypotonic hyponatremia, give the
time you have a case ... algorithm Urine Na+K / serum ... #differential #diagnosis ... #table #sodium ... #nephrology