11 results
Approach to Hypomagnesemia 

Fractional excretion of magnesium = (urine magnesium x serum creatinine)/ [0.7 (serum magnesium
x serum creatinine ... )/ [0.7 (serum magnesium ... #differential #diagnosis ... #causes #nephrology ... #magnesium #low
Primary Adrenal Insufficiency
Addison's Disease - Damage of the adrenal glands with lack of cortisol, androgens and
• Weakness • Low-grade ... Reduced libido • Signs ... DHEAS Diagnosis ... addisons #disease #endocrinology ... #diagnosis #signs
Differentiation Between Nephrotic Syndrome and Nephritic Syndrome 
== Nephrotic Syndrome ==
Onset - Insidious 
Edema - ++++
Blood
pressure - Normal/low ... - Absent Serum ... albumin - Low ... Nephritic #Comparison #Table ... #Nephrology #Diagnosis
Rapid, increasing signs of extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS) is an important key feature of NMS. EPS, associated
Rapid, increasing signs ... should exhibit low ... serum iron levels ... #Diagnosis #Serotonin ... NeurolepticMalignant #Comparison #Table
Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) - Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
 • Note: in DKA, body K+ is lost
serum [K+] to be ... insulin as soon as serum ... produces them when low ... Signs/Symptoms/Complications ... pathophysiology #endocrinology
Hypermagnesemia - Diagnosis and Management

Hypermagnesemia is a serum magnesium concentration > 2.6 mg/dL.
Symptoms include hyporeflexia, hypotension,
Hypermagnesemia - Diagnosis ... Hypermagnesemia is a serum ... Symptoms include ... mortality in ICU Causes ... #nephrology
Physiologic Approach to Hypotonic Hyponatremia
The next time you have a case of hypotonic hyponatremia, give the
time you have a case ... algorithm Urine Na+K / serum ... #differential #diagnosis ... #table #sodium ... #nephrology
Leukostasis vs Tumor Lysis Syndrome
Leukostasis:
 • Pathophysiology: Large, immature blasts and high WBC count cause hyperviscosity
high WBC count cause ... WBC >100k, + lab signs ... contents into serum ... , Elevated Cr, Low ... Syndrome #TLS #diagnosis
Cushing's Syndrome - Hypercortisolism - Diagnosis and Clinical Features
1) Skin
 • Thin, easily bruisable skin with
Hypercortisolism - Diagnosis ... early morning serum ... levels following a low-dose ... #signs #symptoms ... #endocrinology
Hyperthyroidism Overview

Clinical Manifestation of Hyperthyroidism:
 • Fatigue
 • Weight loss
 • Heat intolerance
 • Depression, nervousness
hyperthyroidism Diagnosis ... : • ↓ Low TSH ... hyperthyroidism #causes ... #endocrinology ... #signs #symptoms