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diagnosis potassium differential causes management pharmacology treatment acute binders comparison diuresis diuretics excretion hypokalemia hyponatremia hypotonic physiologic pseudohyperkalemia renal reverse
Potassium-Binding Agents to Treat Hyperkalemia Sodium zirconium cyclosilicate (Lokelma): • Mechanism: Preferentially captures K in exchange for
obtain the desired serum ... Side Effects: Edema ... • Mechanism: Sodium-K ... medications #pharmacology ... #table #comparison
Algorithm for Management of Acute and Chronic Hyperkalemia Acute Hyperkalemia: - IV calcium (10 mL of 10%)
Algorithm for Management ... in 4 mL) - IV sodium ... optimal dose after serum ... mL/min) - Oral sodium ... #treatment #nephrology
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework PseudoHyperkalemia: • Lab error • Traumatic venipuncture • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis •
phlebotomy High ... transfusion • HTN and edema ... Medications 2. ... causes #potassium #high ... #nephrology
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework PseudoHyperkalemia: • Lab error • Traumatic venipuncture • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis •
phlebotomy High ... transfusion • HTN and edema ... Medications 2. ... causes #potassium #high ... #nephrology
Physiologic Approach to Hypotonic Hyponatremia The next time you have a case of hypotonic hyponatremia, give the
normal volume-based algorithm ... Urine Na+K / serum ... diuresis can be high ... : Hypovolemia, Hypervolemia ... #sodium #nephrology
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide) • Glaucoma • Epilepsy • Altitude
Loop Diuretics; High-Ceiling ... Hyponatremia • Hypercalcemia ... Excretion #Diuresis #Nephrology ... #Pharmacology #Medications ... #Table
Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis and Management - GrepMed Handbook S/Sx: Most pts asymptomatic. Weakness, cramping, nausea, paresthesias, palpitations,
Etiology: • Medications ... Elimination (see Table ... Treatments: • K-Binding ... caution in HTN & edema ... Treatment #potassium #nephrology
Pragmatic diagnostic algorithm for hypokalemia. ***Typical presentations: • Vomiting: urine Na/Cl > 1.6, low urine
urine Na/Cl < 0.7, high ... Tubulopathy: urine K/ ... after correcting serum ... Other medications ... #nephrology
Pseudohyperkalemia vs Reverse Hyperkalemia Pseudohyperkalemia and reverse pseudohyperkalemia are both conditions where potassium levels appear falsely elevated. Pseudohyperkalemia: This
leukemias (especially chronic ... associated with CLL (chronic ... potassium • ECG findings ... K+, consider pseudohyperkalemia ... #Potassium #Nephrology
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