11 results
Differentiating NBTE from Infective Endocarditis
No pathognomonic signs/symptoms or echo features that are specific to NBTE, and
Differentiating NBTE from Infective ... pathognomonic signs ... : Serial negative ... in up to 30% of cases ... Marantic #diagnosis #table
Blood Culture-Negative Infective Endocarditis (BCNIE)
Definition: No etiology found after 3 separate blood cultures remain negative for
Infective Endocarditis ... requires special media ... but important causes ... special stains (e.g ... #Infective #Endocarditis
Causes of Secondary Hypertension - Workup and Differential Diagnosis
Approach (when evaluation should be done):
1. Severe or
with previously stable ... patients with a negative ... hypertension and signs ... renal bruit or signs ... Neurologic disorders
Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome (PRES) Overview

Clinico-Radiological Syndrome, characterized by:
 • Headache
 • Seizures
 • Altered mental
may precede the neurologic ... Etiology: • Pathophysiology ... Diagnosis: • Infection ... the underlying cause ... with AEDs until cause
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) Summary
ALS: combination of the clinical examination finding of amyotrophy with the pathologic
lateral sclerosis Pathophysiology ... - Causes progressive ... failure Diagnosis - Medical ... EMG: LMN Signs in ... Lateral #Sclerosis #neurology
CNS Infections - Viral Encephalitis and Bacterial Meningitis - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Viral Encephalitis:
MCC: Enteroviruses (e.g., coxsackievirus
Enteroviruses (e.g ... Acute meningeal signs ... in 70%-85% • Negative ... Monocytogenes or gram negative ... differential #diagnosis #neurology
It is important to recognize Acute Decompensated Heart Failure (ADHF) as more than just simply a
Signs of congestion ... ECG is vital while ... have achieved negative ... the determined cause ... cardiology #treatment #table
Giant cell arteritis (GCA)

Giant cell arteritis (GCA) definition: Most common systemic inflammatory vasculitis in older adults
with systemic, neurologic ... Involves large and medium ... systemic sx + signs ... vasculitis vs infection ... GCA #Temporal #Signs
Headaches Overview - Primary vs Secondary Headaches

What’s the Core Difference?
 • Primary headache = headache is
aneurysm) • Infection ... Common Secondary Causes ... : • SAH (Thunderclap ... N Neurological signs ... confusion, focal signs
Transverse Myelitis Overview

Focal inflammatory disorder of the spinal cord resulting in rapid onset of weakness, sensory
monophasic Pathophysiology ... Direct microbial infection ... • Bilateral signs ... tested and if negative ... diagnosis #management #neurology