7 results
Approach to Headaches - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Red flags (PHANTOMS):
 • Pattern change, progressively worse, papilledema
 •
papilledema • Horner syndrome ... lyme • Altered mental ... brain lesion • CNS ... infection (e.g. ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #neurology
Signs and Symptoms Associated With Different Headache Etiologies
 • Nonfocal mental status changes - Meningitis, encephalitis,
Signs and Symptoms ... vasoconstriction syndrome ... movement deficits (CN ... #signs #symptoms ... #clues #differential
Blood Culture-Negative Infective Endocarditis (BCNIE)
Definition: No etiology found after 3 separate blood cultures remain negative for
requires special media ... antimicrobials, clinical ... but important causes ... antiphospholipid syndrome ... special stains (e.g
Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome (PRES) Overview

Clinico-Radiological Syndrome, characterized by:
 • Headache
 • Seizures
 • Altered mental
by: • Headache ... status • Headache ... may precede the neurologic ... the underlying cause ... with AEDs until cause
CNS Infections - Viral Encephalitis and Bacterial Meningitis - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Viral Encephalitis:
MCC: Enteroviruses (e.g., coxsackievirus
CNS Infections - ... Enteroviruses (e.g ... • Common clinical ... Acute meningeal signs ... Singh @rav7ks #CNS
Giant cell arteritis (GCA)

Giant cell arteritis (GCA) definition: Most common systemic inflammatory vasculitis in older adults
with systemic, neurologic ... Involves large and medium ... Diagnosis = clinical ... vasculitis vs infection ... claudication, headaches
Vasculitis - Differential Diagnosis Framework

When to Consider Vasculitis:
• Purpura, ischemic skin lesions
• Mononeuritis multiplex
• Hematuria, proteinuria,
purpura: Strong sign ... primary condition MEDIUM ... tract, and often causes ... , recent viral infection ... chorioretinitis, CNS