33 results
Reflex Testing - Causes of Hyporeflexia and Hyperreflexia
Focal Hyporeflexia: 
 • Radiculopathy, Mononeuropathy, Polyneuropathy, Acute stroke,
polyneuropathy (e.g ... Guillain-Barré syndrome ... Hyperthyroidism, Serotonin syndrome ... #differential # ... diagnosis #table
Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis by Mechanism
Decr Blood Pressure (“Decr Effective Circulating Volume”) 
 - Volume depletion
- Cirrhosis Syndrome ... - Malignancy (e.g ... CNS pathology (e.g ... #Diagnosis #Table ... #Causes #Sodium
Hypermagnesemia - Etiologies by Mechanism
Renal Failure 
Excessive Mg Administration 
 - Massive PO intake
IV Mg infusion (e.g ... - Tumor lysis syndrome ... Hypermagnesemia #Differential ... High #Magnesium #Table ... #Causes #Management
Shock - Differential Diagnosis by Classification
Reflex Syncope 
 - Vasovagal syncope
   • Prolonged standing
Shock - Differential ... Medication side effect (e.g ... Subclavian steal syndrome ... Medication side effect (e.g ... Classification #Table
Approach to ECGs - Tachy/Bradyarrhythmias
Tachyarrhythmias - HR > 100
Wide
  (1) VT - DANGER
  (2)
(2) Sick Sinus Syndrome ... 200ms from longer pause ... bradyarrhythmia #ECG ... #EKG #diagnosis ... electrocardiogram #cardiology #differential
Leukostasis vs Tumor Lysis Syndrome
Leukostasis:
 • Pathophysiology: Large, immature blasts and high WBC count cause hyperviscosity
Leukostasis: • Pathophysiology ... high WBC count cause ... Dehydration • Symptoms ... : • Pathophysiology ... unless worrisome EKG
Causes of Secondary Hypertension - Workup and Differential Diagnosis
Approach (when evaluation should be done):
1. Severe or
with previously stable ... risk factors (eg ... hypertension (eg ... hypertension (eg ... #Differential #
Causes of Acute Pericarditis:

Infectious;

Viral: 
Adenovirus 
Coxsackie virus A and B 
Echovirus 
Epstein-Barr virus 
Hepatitis 
Human immunodeficiency
Causes of Acute ... Cardiac injury (e.g ... Pericardial perforation (e.g ... pericardial sac ... #Pericarditis #Differential
BEE Syndromes - Non-inflammatory Causes

Immune-mediated conditions affecting the Brain, Eye, and Ear

Visual or auditory symptoms in
Non-inflammatory Causes ... Visual or auditory symptoms ... conjunction with symptoms ... skull neoplasms (e.g ... noninflammatory #differential
Shock - Differential Diagnosis Framework
MAP = CO x SVR
Hypovolemic (↓ Intravascular volume):
 • Hemorrhage, dehydration due
Shock - Differential ... findings based on cause ... anaphylaxis, release syndrome ... #Diagnosis #table ... #comparison #criticalcare