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diagnosis differential algorithm hyperkalemia hypokalemia management high low rhabdomyolysis table arb diuresis excretion hyponatremia hypotonic initiation kdigo monitoring pharmacology physiologic
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Defining the cause of hypokalemia starts by measuring urinary K
Causes of Hypokalemia ... loss • Renal ... hypokalemia • Renal ... Post-hypercapnia • Diuretics ... #nephrology #potassium
ACEI or ARB Initiation Hyperkalemia: - Review concurrent drugs - Moderate potassium Intake - Consider: diuretics, sodium
drugs - Moderate potassium ... - Review for causes ... of AKI - Correct ... Reassess concomitant medications ... ) - Consider renal
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Transcellular Shift: • Alkalosis • ↑ beta-2 adrenergic simulation • Erythropoiesis
• Refeeding syndrome ... Thyrotoxicosis Medications ... vomiting) • Low K ... • Discontinued diuretic ... #low #potassium
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework PseudoHyperkalemia: • Lab error • Traumatic venipuncture • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis •
sparing diuretics ... • NSAIDs • ACE ... - Tumor lysis syndrome ... Medications 2. ... #nephrology
Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis and Management - GrepMed Handbook S/Sx: Most pts asymptomatic. Weakness, cramping, nausea, paresthesias, palpitations,
Etiology: • Medications ... : K+, ACEi/ARBs, ... , K-sparing diuretics ... only if no clear cause ... #potassium #nephrology
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework PseudoHyperkalemia: • Lab error • Traumatic venipuncture • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis •
sparing diuretics ... • NSAIDs • ACE ... - Tumor lysis syndrome ... Medications 2. ... #nephrology
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
treated with IV potassium ... suggests extra-renal ... causes • Laxative ... Alkalosis: Emesis, Diuretics ... #nephrology #low
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide) • Glaucoma • Epilepsy • Altitude
Regulating Renal ... Kidney stones caused ... Tolvaptan) • Treatment ... #Diuresis #Nephrology ... #Pharmacology #Medications
Physiologic Approach to Hypotonic Hyponatremia The next time you have a case of hypotonic hyponatremia, give the
time you have a case ... algorithm Urine Na+K ... Losses (AKI, Post-AKI ... Cirrhosis, Nephrotic syndrome ... table #sodium #nephrology
Rhabdomyolysis - Differential Diagnosis and Management Summary Trauma: • Immobilization, Crush iniury, Compartment syndrome, Electrical injury Exertional: •
Dermatomyositis) AKI ... Monitor potassium ... Loop diuretics for ... Management #Summary #causes ... #treatment
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