2311 results
POCUS - Measuring Cardiac Output
1) Calculate LVOT Area
2) Calculate LVOT VTI
3) Calculate Cardiac Output

SV = (LVOT
Measuring Cardiac Output ... Calculate Cardiac Output ... SV = (LVOT Area ... CO (mL/min) = SV ... Pocus101 #Cardiac #Output
Stroke Volume & Cardiac Output Measurement on POCUS
Accurately measure LVOT diameter:
1. Obtain PLAX 
2. Zoom to
Volume & Cardiac Output ... LVOT Diam/2) 2 SV ... Volume #Cardiac #Output
Differential Diagnosis: Cyanosis - Mnemonic "COLD PALMS"
Peripheral cyanosis 
• Cold 
• Obstruction 
• LVF and shock
Differential Diagnosis ... Decreased cardiac output
Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis and Evaluation Algorithm
In addition to edema and urine concentration, always consider urine
Hyponatremia - Differential ... consider urine output ... #Hyponatremia #Differential
Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP)

Average arterial pressure throughout one cardiac cycle, systole, and diastole. 
Surrogate indicator of
MAP = [Cardiac Output ... Cardiac output ( ... Stroke Volume (SV ... increasing cardiac output ... cardiacoutput #Co #SV
High Output Heart Failure - Pathophysiology and Differential Diagnosis
Obesity - Systemic Vasodilation, Vasoactive Adipokines
Arteriovenous Fistula -
High Output Heart ... Pathophysiology and Differential ... cardionerds #High #Output ... Pathophysiology #Differential
Normal urine output 
- 0.5 to 1.5 cc/kg/hour 
- A patient should be urinating at least
Normal urine output ... Decreased urine output ... minimal urine output ... adults #urine #output
Causes of Urinary Incontinence - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
 - Transient - Easily reversible cause (DIAPPERS)
Incontinence - Differential ... Excessive urine output ... • Bladder Outlet ... #Incontinence #Differential
Decompensated Heart Failure Management Strategies

Wet (volume overloaded) vs Dry (euvolemic) and Cold (low cardiac output) vs
Cold (low cardiac output ... normal cardiac output
Decompensated Heart Failure Classification
Wet (volume overloaded) vs Dry (euvolemic) and Cold (low cardiac output) vs Warm
Cold (low cardiac output ... normal cardiac output