8 results
Negative Contrast Effect in Right Atrium - Differential Diagnosis
1. Small secundum ASD or PFO with left
Negative Contrast ... Small secundum ASD ... or PFO with left ... #Diagnosis #cardiology ... echocardiogram #s4c
Hepatopulmonary Syndrome - Diagnosis and Management Summary
A defect in arterial oxygenation due to a gas exchange
Summary A defect ... , 88% spec • Contrast-enhanced ... Microbubbles appear in left ... heart 3-6 cardiac ... blood gas (ABC)
Portopulmonary Hypertension
Presence of pulmonary arterial hypertension in a patient with portal hypertension
No other obvious causes (chronic
, left heart disease ... ventricular size, Right atrial ... of ventricular septum ... guanylate cyclase (sGC ... directly stimualtes sGC
Behçet's Syndrome
Systemic disease associated with inflammation of multiple organs, small-vessel vasculitis and large-vessel vasculopathy
Epidemiology:
 • Young
erythema nodosum (septal ... : Arterial (MCC-small ... (SVC/IVC occlusion ... thrombosis, VTE) • Cardiac ... coronary artery aneurysms
Double Shunt on Echocardiogram
What do you see on this saline contrast study, in a patient with
end-stage liver disease ... >LAP as atrial septum ... shifts left ... stretched PFO or ASD ... clinical #pocus #a4c
Endocarditis Summary

Who?
Infectious:
• Pre-existing valvular disease
• Prosthetic valve
• Congenital heart disease
• IV substance use
• IV catheter
• Recent
Libman Sacks) • Atrial ... lesions • Mycotic aneurysm ... Glomerulonephritis Septic ... Paradoxical emboli via ASD ... #management #cardiology
Endocarditis - Overview and Differential Diagnosis Framework

Who?
Infectious:
• Pre-existing valvular disease
• Prosthetic valve
• Congenital heart disease
• IV
Differential Diagnosis ... procedure • Cardiac ... Libman Sacks) • Atrial ... lesions • Mycotic aneurysm ... Septic emboli
Preoperative Risk Evaluation

Major Pre-Op Questions:
1. Does the patient have any modifiable risk factors that could be
exam Determine Cardiac ... indication of AC ... postoperative cardiac ... management for select ... stratification #diagnosis