18 results
Acid Base Disorders - Blood Gas Interpretation

Steps for Blood Gas Interpretation: 
1. Acidemia or Alkalemia? 
2.
Acid Base Disorders ... - Differential Diagnosis ... D-lactate (short bowel syndrome ... #AcidBase #disorders ... #Summary #Nephrology
Approach to Elevated Bicarbonate (HCO3)
Risk Factors for Hypercapnea? (Hx of COPD, OSA, sedative use, CNS/muscular disorders?)
(+)
, CNS/muscular disorders ... Acidosis (Check Blood Gas ... Alkalosis Urine ... Barter, or Gitelman Syndrome ... alkalosis #algorithm #diagnosis
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm
Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
 • Kidney loss of Cl-
diuretic use, Bartter syndrome ... , Gitelman syndrome ... In a normal gap ... #Algorithm #nephrology ... #differential #diagnosis
Normal Anion-Gap Acidosis (NAGMA) - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Workup

NAGMA
- Chem, ABG or VBG
- Calculate Anion
- Differential Diagnosis ... - UAG and Urine ... NonAnionGap #Acidosis #Metabolic ... #Differential #Diagnosis ... #Workup #nephrology
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
complications such as ... A urine K/Cr ratio ... • Diarrhea A urine ... Pressure: - Metabolic ... #Hypokalemia #diagnosis
Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis: Differential Diagnosis
ECF volume contracted: urine chloride concentration <20 meq/L
 • Gastric alkalosis:
Causes of Metabolic ... : Differential Diagnosis ... diuretic effect has ... #Differential #Diagnosis ... #Causes #nephrology
Weakness - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Approach To Weakness:
 • Non-neuromuscular disorder (Cardiac, pulmonary etc)
 • CNS ->
- Differential Diagnosis ... Non-neuromuscular disorder ... Radiation • Metabolic ... Lack of UMN/LMN signs ... #neurology
Generalized Seizures and Pseudoseizures
Generalized seizures "are conceptualized as originating as some point within, and rapidly engaging,
by a toxic or metabolic ... disorder. ... Toxic and metabolic ... Classification #Diagnosis ... #Neurology #Signs
Causes of Secondary Hypertension - Workup and Differential Diagnosis
Approach (when evaluation should be done):
1. Severe or
and Differential Diagnosis ... hypertension and signs ... hypokalemia and metabolic ... renal bruit or signs ... Neurologic disorders
Anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (AION) - Recognition of giant cell arteritis (GCA)

1) Is visual loss caused
acute ischemic disorder ... altitudinal defect • Fundoscopy ... Doppler US : halo sign ... #Rheumatology #Ophthalmology ... #Diagnosis #Algorithm