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diagnosis algorithm causes physicalexam cord spinalcord adies als amyotrophic cauda caudaequina comatose dermatomes disorders dysarthria equina hemiplegia lateral leg lesions
Cauda Equina Syndrome Overview Cauda Equina Syndrome: • Prevalence: 1:33,000-100,000 ppl/yr • Incidence: 1.5-3.4 million ppl/yr •
Sciatica: often bilateral ... constipation Differential ... Examination - bilateral ... #differential # ... diagnosis #causes #neurology
Lower Extremity Dermatomes and Myotomes Reflexes: • Knee - L2, L3, L4 • Ankle - S1
Lower Extremity ... and Myotomes Reflexes ... • Cauda Equina Syndrome ... - Narrowing of spinal ... Myotomes #diagnosis #neurology
Lesions of the Spinal cord - Spinal Cord Syndromes Spinal cord lesions can result in permanent neurologic
Syndromes Spinal ... result in permanent neurologic ... in deep tendon reflexes ... #lesions #differential ... #diagnosis #neurology
Spinal Cord Disorders - Differential Diagnosis Framework Spinal cord neurological lesion: Clinical findings: • Symptoms and signs below
- Differential ... Tract Lesions: • Bilateral ... MCTD, Sjogren syndrome ... dysfunction • Abnormal reflexes ... disorders #diagnosis #neurology
Causes of Hemiplegia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Cerebral Hemisphere (Contralateral motor cortex) • Aphasia • Apraxia •
contralateral extremity ... findings Unilateral ... Spinal Cord Lesions ... Brown-Sequard Syndrome ... #Hemiplegia #Neurology
Adie's Pupil What? Unknown nature & benign • Regular and mildly dilated pupil (4-6mm); • Light-near dissociaton;
Holmes-Adie Syndrome ... Young females Differential ... Diagnosis: • CN Ill Palsy ... #PhysicalExam #neurology ... #ophthalmology
The Neurological Evaluation of a Comatose Patient Definition: • Coma: a state of unresponsiveness; the absence of
consciousness Differential ... • Locked-in syndrome ... dysfunction to the bilateral ... • Gag reflex ... #PhysicalExam #neurology
Causes of Dysarthria - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Lower Motor Neuron - Slow, Low Volume, Breathy Speech, Tongue
of Dysarthria - Differential ... jerk, hyperactive gag ... reflex. ... and Pitch • Spinal-Cerebellar ... #Dysarthria #Neurology
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) Summary ALS: combination of the clinical examination finding of amyotrophy with the pathologic
segment: Upper extremity ... , lower extremity ... Increased Jaw Jerk reflex ... conditions listed in differential ... #Sclerosis #neurology
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