20 results
Cauda Equina Syndrome
Causes:
 • Large lumbar degenerative disc herniation (central)
 • Severe lumbar spondylosis
 • Neoplasm
Cauda Equina Syndrome ... Causes: • Large ... Note: Surgical Emergency ... #MSK #pathophysiology ... #diagnosis #symptoms
Heat Illnesses and Heat Stroke - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Heat Cramps:
 • Muscle pain or spasm -
Diagnosis Framework ... Collapse: • Pathophysiology ... → Syncope • Signs ... Stroke: EMERGENCY ... #causes #stroke
Signs and Symptoms Associated With Different Headache Etiologies
 • Nonfocal mental status changes - Meningitis, encephalitis,
Signs and Symptoms ... Hypertension with normal heart ... vasoconstriction syndrome ... #signs #symptoms ... #diagnosis
Mydriasis and Miosis - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Causes of Mydriasis:
Dilated pupils (mydriasis) more than 7mm
 • Unilateral
- Differential Diagnosis ... pupil, Migraine Headache ... Miosis: Horner's syndrome ... Organophosphates, Nicotine, Heat ... #differential #diagnosis
Emergent Causes of Headache and Associated Risk Factors
Carbon monoxide poisoning
 - Breathing in enclosed or confined
Emergent Causes ... vasoconstriction syndrome ... #redflags #signs ... #differential #emergency ... #diagnosis
Peri-operative Hyperthermia - Guidelines for Crises in Anaesthesia
If prolonged or ≥ 39 C this is a
is a clinical emergency ... • Excessive heat ... maintained fever CAUSES ... hyperthermia crisis (late sign ... Anesthesia #Checklist #Diagnosis
Portal Hypertension - Differential Diagnosis
Portal Pressure = the pressure difference between the pressure in the portal
- Differential Diagnosis ... HTN: ascites (SAAG ... and hepatorenal syndrome ... including R heart ... #causes #hepatology
Growth Hormone Excess - Pathogenesis and clinical findings
 • Acromegaly and gigantism share the same pathophysiology
• Other rare causes ... Pressure: • Headache ... Carpal Tunnel Syndrome ... Overproduction #diagnosis ... #signs #symptoms
Causes of Peripheral and Central Vertigo
PERIPHERAL VERTIGO
1. Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) - Short-lived (typically less
Head trauma - Symptoms ... shortly after head ... Syndrome usually ... varying neurologic signs ... #differential #diagnosis
Sarcoidosis - Diagnosis and Management Summary
Epidemiology
1) High incidence in Scandinavian countries (11-24 cases per 100,000 individuals
Sarcoidosis - Diagnosis ... survival is 93-95% Pathophysiology ... anterior/posterior MSK ... , heart (2-5%), ... #Management #Signs