12 results
Hyperparathyroidism - Primary vs Secondary vs Tertiary 
Lab Comparison:
 • Primary Hyperparathyroidism: ↑→PTH, ↑Calcium, ↑Vitamin D,
Hyperparathyroidism - Primary ... Comparison: • Primary ... Symptoms: Commonly no signs ... Hyperparathyroidism #diagnosis #endocrinology ... Secondary #Tertiary #pathophysiology
Primary Hyperthyroidism - Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings

Note: Although rare, gestational diseases can lead to thyrotoxicosis due
Primary Hyperthyroidism ... Signs/Symptoms: ... Pretibial myxedema #Primary ... Hyperthyroidism #endocrinology ... #pathophysiology
Woltman’s sign on Physical Exam

53-year-old man presented with fatigue and sensitivity to cold. A physical examination
Woltman’s sign on ... a diagnosis of primary ... deep-tendon reflex, is a neurologic ... Clinical #Video #Neurology ... #Endocrinology
Mixed Urinary Incontinence: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings

Urgency Urinary Incontinence (UUI) -> Urinary leakage preceded by a
Mixed Urinary Incontinence ... Findings Urgency Urinary ... Incontinence #Mixed #Pathophysiology ... #Signs #Symptoms ... #Urology #Diagnosis
21-Hydroxylase Deficiency (21-OHD): Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
Autosomal recessive mutation in CYP21A2 coding for the enzyme 21-OHase
Signs/Symptoms/Complications ... #21HydroxylaseDeficiency #21OHD #pathophysiology ... #genetics #endocrinology ... #peds #pediatrics
Acute Spinal Cord Injuries: Pathogenesis and clinical findings
 • Anterior Cord Syndrome -> Anterior spinal artery
Bladder retention -> Primarily ... hemicord lesion -> Primarily ... Syndromes #diagnosis #pathophysiology ... #signs #symptoms ... #orthopedics #neurology
Varicocele: Pathogenesis and clinical findings
Primary:
 - Anatomically: the left spermatic vein drains into the left renal
clinical findings Primary ... • Primary varicocele ... #Varicocele #Pathophysiology ... #Signs #Symptoms ... #Urology #Diagnosis
Causes of Secondary Hypertension - Workup and Differential Diagnosis
Approach (when evaluation should be done):
1. Severe or
hypertension and signs ... renal bruit or signs ... Vasculitis • Endocrinologic ... Hypothyroidism, Primary ... Neurologic disorders
Photophobia and Headache - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Why?
• The coexistence of photophobia and headache suggests the potential
Primary headaches ... meningeal irritation signs ... subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH ... ophthalmology #Neurology
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) Summary
ALS: combination of the clinical examination finding of amyotrophy with the pathologic
lateral sclerosis Pathophysiology ... of UMN and LMN signs ... (3) primary lateral ... EMG: LMN Signs in ... Lateral #Sclerosis #neurology