5 results
Apical 4-chamber (A4) Apical 4 Chamber view demonstrating the right ventricle (RV), right atrium (RA), left
left ventricle (LV ... ) and left atrium ... orientation of the septum ... #Clinical #EM # ... Cardiology #POCUS
Causes of Primary and Functional Mitral Regurgitation (MR) 
Causes of primary mitral regurgitation
 - Rheumatic heart
Infective/marantic endocarditis ... plane into left atrium ... it results from SAM ... Primary #Functional #Differential ... #Diagnosis #Cardiology
Endocarditis Summary

Who?
Infectious:
• Pre-existing valvular disease
• Prosthetic valve
• Congenital heart disease
• IV substance use
• IV catheter
• Recent
verrucous) • Lung ... Libman Sacks) • Atrial ... Glomerulonephritis Septic ... Marantic (NTBE) Differential ... #cardiology
Parasternal Long Axis view with measurement. Note the right ventricle (RV), interventricular septum (S), left ventricle
interventricular septum ... left ventricle (LV ... ), left atrium ( ... #Clinical #EM #Cardiology ... #POCUS #Parasternal
Endocarditis - Overview and Differential Diagnosis Framework

Who?
Infectious:
• Pre-existing valvular disease
• Prosthetic valve
• Congenital heart disease
• IV
and Differential ... , verrucous) - Lung ... Libman Sacks) • Atrial ... tumor embolism Septic ... Diagnosis #cardiology