16 results
Pathyophysiology - hyperglycemic crises in patients with diabetes 
Key signs/symptoms of HHS/DKA:
Both: Polyuria, polydipsia, weight loss,
hyperglycemic crises ... diabetes Key signs ... /symptoms of HHS ... hypovolemia (dry MM, skin ... seizure) #Pathophys #EM
Differential Diagnosis and Evaluation of Hyponatremia:
1) Identification of onset (acute vs. chronic)
2) Presence of symptoms (HA,
Differential Diagnosis ... 2) Presence of symptoms ... (HA, nausea, confusion ... status (edema, JVD, skin ... history #Diagnosis #EM
Primary Adrenal Insufficiency
Addison's Disease - Damage of the adrenal glands with lack of cortisol, androgens and
aldosterone Causes ... : Most Common Causes ... patches on the skin ... addisons #disease #endocrinology ... #diagnosis #signs
Eosinophil Disorders Testing Algorithm
INDICATIONS FOR TESTING:
 • Peripheral blood eosinophilia/hypereosinophilia uncovered incidentally during medical evaluation or
for secondary causes ... organ-specific signs ... or symptoms (eg ... , skin or esophageal ... Disorders #Algorithm #Differential
21-Hydroxylase Deficiency (21-OHD): Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
Autosomal recessive mutation in CYP21A2 coding for the enzyme 21-OHase
enzyme 21-OHase causes ... Signs/Symptoms/Complications ... cold & mottled skin ... pathophysiology #genetics #endocrinology
Cullen's sign. Lipase 1,781. Bruising in the skin around the umbilicus. This sign is named after
Bruising in the skin ... conditions that cause ... pregnancy, or other causes ... onset of other symptoms ... #cullensign #em
Hyperthyroidism Overview

Clinical Manifestation of Hyperthyroidism:
 • Fatigue
 • Weight loss
 • Heat intolerance
 • Depression, nervousness
Thickening of skin ... hyperthyroidism #causes ... #diagnosis #differential ... #endocrinology ... #signs #symptoms
Heat Illnesses and Heat Stroke - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Heat Cramps:
 • Muscle pain or spasm -
Heat Stroke - Differential ... blisters on the skin ... → Syncope • Signs ... /Symptoms: - Lightheadedness ... Pale and sweaty skin
Cushing's Syndrome - Hypercortisolism - Diagnosis and Clinical Features
1) Skin
 • Thin, easily bruisable skin with
Clinical Features 1) Skin ... easily bruisable skin ... , oral cavity) Caused ... Hypercortisolism #Diagnosis #signs ... #symptoms #endocrinology
Primary Biliary Cirrhosis (PBC) - Summary

PBC Epidemiology:
 • Female:Male 9:1
 • Common European descent
 • Age:
intralobular bile ducts causes ... failure PBC Signs ... and Symptoms: ... Examination: • Skin ... bile ducts Differential