10 results
Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm - Urinary Chloride
 • Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
Metabolic Alkalosis ... metabolic alkalosis ... - Normal/low blood ... use, Bartter syndrome ... , Gitelman syndrome
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm
Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
 • Kidney loss of Cl-
Metabolic Alkalosis ... /low blood pressure ... use, Bartter syndrome ... , Gitelman syndrome ... the indicated causes
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting, NGT
Urine Cl-: Vomiting ... Cl intake, Diuretics ... Cl-: Diuretics, ... Bartter Syndrome ... , Gitelman Syndrome
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted - 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting,
Urine Cl-: Vomiting ... Cl intake, Diuretics ... Cl-: Diuretics, ... Bartter Syndrome ... , Gitelman Syndrome
Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis: Differential Diagnosis
ECF volume contracted: urine chloride concentration <20 meq/L
 • Gastric alkalosis:
Causes of Metabolic ... Severe Cushing syndrome ... Congenital AME syndrome ... syndrome (defective ... calcium) alkali syndrome
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted - 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting,
Urine Cl-: Vomiting ... Cl intake, Diuretics ... Cl-: Diuretics, ... Bartter Syndrome ... , Gitelman Syndrome
Gitelman Syndrome Overview

What?
• Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter
• Gitelman's syndrome
Gitelman Syndrome ... syndrome - Mutation ... or low blood pressure ... (spot urine, calcium-creatinine ... #nephrology #management
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
↓ Aldosterone: Syndrome ... excess, Liddle's syndrome ... Alkalosis: Emesis ... syndrome, Gitelman ... syndrome -
Gitelman Syndrome - Diagnosis and Workup
Blood Work:
 - Hypokalemia
 - Hypomagnesemia
 - Metabolic Alkalosis
 - Elevated
Gitelman Syndrome ... Alkalosis - Elevated ... Renin Urine Testing ... #Syndrome #Diagnosis ... #Workup #nephrology
Acid Base Disorders - Blood Gas Interpretation

Steps for Blood Gas Interpretation: 
1. Acidemia or Alkalemia? 
2.
D-lactate (short bowel syndrome ... of Metabolic Alkalosis ... Volume depletion (diuresis ... #Nephrology #ABG ... #bloodgas #Acid