12 results
Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm - Urinary Chloride
 • Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
Diagnosis Algorithm - Urinary ... ChlorideCl- ... use, Bartter syndrome ... , Gitelman syndrome ... #urinary #chloride
Hypomagnesemia - Etiologies by Mechanism

Decreased GI Uptake 
 - Poor dietary intake (particularly common in alcoholics)
inhibitors - Primary ... Mg wasting syndromes ... - Gitelman ... syndrome - ... - Hungry bones syndrome
Gitelman Syndrome Overview

What?
• Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter
• Gitelman's syndrome
Gitelman Syndrome ... syndrome - Mutation ... • Metabolic alkalosis ... #nephrology #management ... #pathophysiology
Causes of Hypokalemia
Transcellular Shifts:
 - Alkalosis, Increased plasma insulin (treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis), ß-Adrenergic agonists, Hypokalemic
Causes of Hypokalemia ... ), Primary hyperaldosteronism ... , Bartter's syndrome ... syndrome (mimics ... excess and related syndromes
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm
Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
 • Kidney loss of Cl-
- Urinary Chloride ... use, Bartter syndrome ... , Gitelman syndrome ... , Hypomagnesemia ... #Urinary #Chloride
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted - 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting,
Primary Metabolic ... Syndrome, Gitelman ... Syndrome Volume ... GRA, Cushing's syndrome ... , Liddle syndrome
Gitelman Syndrome - Diagnosis and Workup
Blood Work:
 - Hypokalemia
 - Hypomagnesemia
 - Metabolic Alkalosis
 - Elevated
Gitelman Syndrome ... Hypokalemia - Hypomagnesemia ... - Metabolic Alkalosis ... #Syndrome #Diagnosis ... #Workup #nephrology
Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis: Differential Diagnosis
ECF volume contracted: urine chloride concentration <20 meq/L
 • Gastric alkalosis:
Causes of Metabolic ... > 20 meq/L • Primary ... Severe Cushing syndrome ... Congenital AME syndrome ... syndrome (defective
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
mEq/g suggests urinary ... ↑ Aldosterone: Primary ... ↓ Aldosterone: Syndrome ... syndrome, Gitelman ... syndrome -
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted - 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting,
Primary Metabolic ... Syndrome, Gitelman ... Syndrome Euvolemic ... GRA, Cushing's syndrome ... , Liddle syndrome