8 results
Causes of High-anion Gap and Non-anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis
Causes of High-anion Gap Acidosis:
 • Lactic acidosis
Causes of High-anion ... Metabolic Acidosis Causes ... and chronic) Causes ... differential #diagnosis #causes ... #nephrology
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
phlebotomy High ... Intracellular Shift ... differential #diagnosis #causes ... #potassium #high ... #nephrology
Drugs associated with hypokalemia and hypomagnesemia

Hypokalemia
- Shift from extracellular fluid to intracellular fluid compartment
  -
associated with hypokalemia ... - Shift from extracellular ... - Insulin (high ... differential #diagnosis #nephrology ... #Causes #hypomg
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
phlebotomy High ... Intracellular Shift ... differential #diagnosis #causes ... #potassium #high ... #nephrology
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Decreased intake (rare cause in isolation)
GI loss - Urine loss
Causes of Hypokalemia ... Transcellular shift ... Liddle's syndrome #Hypokalemia ... #Nephrology #Differential ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Causes
Lactated Ringers (LR) vs Normal Saline (NS) - Comparison

Composition of LR:
 • Sodium 130 mEq/L
 •
Is Dangerous in Hyperkalemia ... transcellular shift ... • Saline Causes ... densa receives high ... NS #comparison #pharmacology
Causes of Hyperkalemia
l. Pseudohyperkalemia
  A Cellular efflux; thrombocytosis, erythrocytosis, leukocytosis, in vitro hemolysis
  B.
Causes of Hyperkalemia ... extracellular shift ... Differential #Diagnosis #High ... #Potassium #Classification ... #Causes
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide)
 • Glaucoma
 • Epilepsy
 • Altitude
Loop Diuretics; High-Ceiling ... Hyponatremia • Hypercalcemia ... Kidney stones caused ... Heart Association class ... #Pharmacology #