32 results
Emergency Management of Hyperkalemia in Adults
Assess Patient - Airway Breathing Circulation Disability Exposure (ABCDE) Approach
 •
Management of Hyperkalemia ... mmol/L - Consider cause ... clinical scenario, ECG ... Gluconate IV Shift ... Prevention - Consider cause
Hyperkalemia - Management Algorithm
 • IV calcium
 • IV insulin and glucose and/or salbutamolt
 • Consider
Algorithm • IV calcium ... and ECG changes ... blocks, QRS axis shift ... #potassium #high ... #algorithm #treatment
Causes of Hypercalcemia
Hypercalcemia due to increased bone Ca2+ resorption:
 • Primary hyperparathyroidism, Malignancy, Pseudohyperparathyroidism, Renal failure,
Causes of Hypercalcemia ... histoplasmosis) • Milk (calcium ... #Causes #differential ... #diagnosis #calcium ... #high #endocrinology
Hyperkalemia Management Algorithm
 • Treat the cause & optimize hemodynamics and ventilation
 • Reconsider treatment leadingto
• Treat the cause ... • Reconsider treatment ... and parenteral potassium ... Intracellular K+ Shift ... #potassium #high
Constipation - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Diet/Lifestyle
 • Fibre
 • Calories
 • Fluid
 • Exercise
 • Psychosocial
Medications
 •
- Differential Diagnosis ... Iron, Aluminum, Calcium ... , Potassium) • ... • Hypercalcemia ... #Algorithm #Causes
Hypercalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Elevated PTH (High or normal):
 • Primary Hyperparathyroidism
 • Familial Hypocalciuric Hypercalcemia
Low
Differential Diagnosis ... Elevated PTH (High ... Bony Mets - Calcium ... #Algorithm #causes ... #endocrinology
Emergent Hyperkalemia Treatment Algorithm
ECG changes, weakness, K+ >6.5 Or renal insufficiency with K >5.5 with cellular
Emergent Hyperkalemia ... ECG changes, weakness ... AV blocks) -> Calcium ... cardiac membrane Shift ... Remove potassium
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
Diagnosis Framework ... phlebotomy High ... Intracellular Shift ... #causes #potassium ... #high #nephrology
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
Diagnosis Framework ... phlebotomy High ... Intracellular Shift ... #causes #potassium ... #high #nephrology
Hypercalcemia Evaluation
1) Clinical clues
 - Is the patient symptomatic?
 - Family history?
 - Have you done
1) Clinical clues ... PTH - Frankly high ... #differential #diagnosis ... #endocrinology ... #calcium #elevated